COMD 331 Test 1 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What is the physical representation of language? | Respiration, phonation, articulation, resonation |
How has language evolved? | Evolves within specific historical, social and cultural contexts |
Language is described by 5 parameters, what are they? | Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics |
What is language? | A socially shared code that uses a conventional system to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to people who know the same code. |
What is the first point about language? | Language is socially shared. |
What is the second point about language? | Language is a code that uses a system of arbitrary symbols. Words provide code for communicating. |
What is a language community? | A group of people who use a common language. |
What is the third point about language? | Language code is conventional. It is specific, systematic, and rule governed. |
Morpheme | Smallest unit of spoken language that carries meaning. |
What is the fourth point about language? | Language is a representational tool. Used for thinking and allows us to communicate these thoughts with others. |
Language is... | Species specific and species uniform |
True language has: | Productivity, semanticity, and displacement. |
Traditional communication theory has: | sender, receiver, medium, and message |
Modularity | Cognitive science theory about how the human mind is organized within brain structures. |
Domain specific | Regions in the brain that process specific types of information. |
Domain general | Brain has generalized module where all parts work together to process information. |
Phonology (1st part of Language) | Rules governing structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. |
Morphology (2nd part of Language) | Internal organization of words. |
Syntax (3rd part of Language) | Rules that govern the form and structure of sentences, specific word order, sentence organization, and relationships between words. |
Semantics (4th part of Language) | Rules governing meaning or content of words and word combinations. Words that represent concepts. |
Pragmatics (5th part of language) | Rules related to language use within communicative context. Govern conversations. Organizing principle of language. |
Lenneberg's Characterization of Language | Regular onset of speech, speech is not suppressible, language can't be taught to other species |
Theory of Mind | Recognizing that other people have their own beliefs and desires...ability to imagine the world from someone else's point of view. |
Aphasia | Impairment of language function due to localized brain damage which leads to difficulty understanding and/or producing linguistic forms. |
What does aphasia affect? | Speaking, hearing, listening, reading, and/or writing. |
Fluent Aphasia | Impairment in language comprehension, word retrieval difficulties, phonemic and semantic difficulties. Speech likely to contain nonsense words (neologisms). |
Nonfluent Aphasia | Poor language output, reduced vocab, impairments of articulation, rate, and prosody. Better comprehension than production. |
Broca's Area | Left frontal lobe. Helps with speech production. (Nonfluent Aphasia) |
Wernicke's Area | Left posterior temporal lobe. Language planning and comprehension. (Fluent Aphasia) |
Arcuate Fasciculus | Bundle of white matter (axons) located below cortex between Wernicke's Area and Broca's area. Provides a connection between 2 areas. |
Conduction Aphasia | Trouble comprehending/ producing complex language, but simple language tasks can be done. |
Localization | Attributing very specific language functions to specific brain regions. |
Williams Syndrome | Relatively intact grammar and vocab with severe deficits in cognitive abilities. |
Specific Language Impairment | cognitive abilities within normal range, but deficits in vocab and sever deficits in morphosyntax. |
Autism | Cognitive abilities can be within normal range, but difficulty with language and social interactions. |
Critical Age Hypothesis | Children reared in isolation, language creation, late onset of language. |
Pidgin | Simplified language derived from 2 languages by people who don't share a common language. Absence of complex grammar and has limited vocabulary. |
Creole | Pidgin language that has evolved and begins to be acquired by children as their native language and it becomes the first language of a community. |
Productivity | Speakers can make new utterances and recombine forms they already know to express novel utterances. Language is generative. |
Semanticity | Speakers can use language to refer to ideas, events, objects. Language is symbolic. |
Displacement | Speakers can use language to talk about things not in the here and now. Language is decontextualized. |
Created by:
tannehillke
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