Nature of Sound Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Frequency | rate at which the molecular wave moves forward and back (vibrates). called pitch by musicians. Measured in Hz |
| Range of frequency humans are likely to hear | 20-20,000 Hz, if enough amplitude |
| Frequency of A above middle C | 220 Hz |
| Hertz | cycles per second |
| amplitude | amount of disturbance of the air (loudness). low=quiet. high=loud. |
| vibration is... | the source of sound. all sound is associated with vibration of some sort. |
| What, combined, define the basic elements of sound? | frequency and amplitude |
| What happens in your ears when you change altitude driving up a canyon? | high pressure air behind ear drums expands as outside pressure drops. to equalize pressure you open a small tube in the throat (Eustachian tube) that connects to that space behind your ear drum |
| How does your voice make sound? | It is driven by air from the lungs passing through vocal folds. Muscles attached to cords pull them tight -> they flap rapidly (VIBRATE) and MODULATE the air stream |
| modulate | vary in a regular fashion |
| What mechanism do flutes and whistles use to make sound? | mechanism called an edge (creates an edgetone) |
| How do you go up an octave on a flute? | blow harder to speed up the air flow |
| How does an edge tone work? | It generates vibrations in the air stream as it moves past the "edge." Velocity of air stream rises -> air is pulled into lower pressure area of flute, moving low pressure area outside the flute, and the air stream is pulled up toward that. |
| How do general woodwinds work? | A flexible, thin, springy reed at one end of a tube vibrates. The reed opens and closes like vocal folds. Finger holes change length of the tube. Reed vibrates at a speed that matches tube length. |
| How do brass instruments work? | Blow into them with pursed lips -> lips vibrate at one end of tube. |
| What are partials? | Sets of notes that each tube length of a brass instrument plays. |
| Why do brass instruments have multiple tubes? | Different tube lengths result in different lip speeds. Any tube will only resonate at certain frequencies. Brass instruments need additional tube lengths for different sets of partials to be played. |
| What are valves on brass instruments for? | Pressing valves re-routes air to different length tube paths |
| How do string instruments work? | Strings are coupled to a resonating box, and are VIBRATED by plucking or bowing. Change string length to change pitch (long=low, short=high) |
Created by:
mortehay000
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