7.LA Speech Form 3+ Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Error-based analysis at age three. Why? | Phonemic inventories track phonemes present, but by age 3, children's speech is nearly adult-like. Correct phonemes outnumber incorrect. It becomes easier to measure errors than successes. |
| 3 types of phonetic errors | Substitution, Omission, Distortion |
| Distortion errors | Dentalization, lateralization, derhotacization. These are not universally typical. |
| Study of arctic development | Cross-sectional "acquisition-age" studies. Phonological process studies. |
| Acquisition-age studies | "Mastery age" for individual consonants. Criticism: 1. children do not acquire phonemes individually. 2.uninformative about error type. |
| Vowel acquisition (3) | 1.More than 85% correct production from age 2 (except for the rhotic vowels). 2.Vowels are less likely than consonants to be misarticulated 3. Numerous non-rhotic vowel errors is abnormal over age 2 |
| “Natural” sounds and syllables | 1.Manner: most to least natural- Stops, fricatives, affricates (most common earliest manner classes: stops, glides, nasals) 2. Place: Anterior to posterior consonants 3.Most natural syllable shape: CV/CVCV then CVC then CVCC |
| Structural processes (4) | Reduplication, weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, cluster reduction |
| Substitution processes (2) | stopping, fronting, |
| 3 types of phonetic errors | Substitution, Omission, Distortion |
| Distortion errors | Dentalization, lateralization, derhotacization. These are not universally typical. |
| Study of arctic development | Cross-sectional "acquisition-age" studies. Phonological process studies. |
| Acquisition-age studies | "Mastery age" for individual consonants. Criticism: 1. children do not acquire phonemes individually. 2.uninformative about error type. |
| Vowel acquisition (3) | 1.More than 85% correct production from age 2 (except for the rhotic vowels). 2.Vowels are less likely than consonants to be misarticulated 3. Numerous non-rhotic vowel errors is abnormal over age 2 |
| “Natural” sounds and syllables | 1.Manner from most to least natural: Stops, fricatives, affricates (most common earliest manner classes: stops, glides, nasals) 2.Anterior consonants more natural than posterior consonants 3.Most natural syllable shape: CV/CVCV then CVC then CVCC |
| Structural processes (4) | Reduplication, weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, cluster reduction |
| Substitution processes (3) | stopping, fronting (velar & palatal), gliding |
| Assimilation processes (2) | progressive, regressive |
| Phonetic mastery | Complete by age 8 with exception of isolated frozen errors (pasghetti) |
| Phonological representation | Age 5-8 development shifts to sound symbol correspondence, metaphonological tasks (rhyming, alliteration, pig-latin, blending/segmenting) |
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ashea01
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