Exam 1 part 2 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Mechanism of antidote 2PAM | regeneration of ACHE via hydrolysis of poison |
What drugs produce a drastic dip in plasma ChE activity followed by a gradual increase | Isofluorophate and 2PAM (sarin and atropine) |
What is the shortest acting for cycloplegia | tropicamide |
Which is used to reduce broncho secretions and constriction to help treat asthma | ipratropium |
What would you expect if you had a problem with pseudocholinesterase | succinylcholine |
What are cholinergic receptors classified by | muscarine and nicotine |
Two different drugs that can achieve increased heart rate | beta 1 agonist and muscarinic antagonist |
What is the mechanism of myasthenia gravis | autoimmune reaction |
what is sued to treat motion sickness | scopalamine |
What does disulfiram inhibit | aldehyde dehydrogenase MEOS |
what is used for long term alcohol abuse therapy | disulfiram, naltrexone, acamprosate |
drug abuse by 8th graders | inhalants, maryjuana, cocaine, lsd |
if young adults go to heroin replacement therapy what is the drug used | buprenorphine |
what is true of buprenorphine | all of the above |
the pharmacologic use of methadone is to give a dose as potent as heroin to satisfy opiate craving | false |
drug class of choice for management of alcohol abstinence symptom | benzodiazepines |
mechanism of psychomotor stimulant action of amphetamine is blockade of vesicular membrane dopamine transporter | true |
what drug should a person experiencing cachexia take | dronabinol |
elimination of alcohol is what order | zero |
for stimulation of addication where is the release of dopamine from | ventral tegmental area |
varenicline (chantix) is efficacious for smoking cessation because you can smoke it | false |
Not FDA approved skin patch | GH, insulin |
weak acid mostly not ionized at | 1 pH |
Orphan drug act | gives incentive for pharms to make orphan drugs |
user fee act | makes pharms pay for review fees at FDA |
durham humphrey act | difference between RX and otc |
6 centers of FDA | drug eval, biologic eval, food safety, devices, vet meds, toxicology |
drug induced orthostatic hypertension category | CV system |
ibuprophen produces what CV symptom | edema |
grapefruit juice is substrate of CYP3A4 | false |
most common CYP | CYP3A4/5 |
role of cytochrome c reductase | reduce Fe3 to Fe2 |
sequence of events with P450 | drug binds to oxidized P450, complex is reduced, molecular oxygen binds to reduce complex |
Components of P450 | heme, ferric ion 2+, cytochrome |
first pass occurs in liver | true |
efflux transporter in intestinal cells and capillary endothelium of brain capillaries | protein carbohydrate complex |
Tetracycline side effect | stains kids teeth |
simple diffusion based on lipophilic nature of drug | true |
level of drug in blood to remain therapeutic | optimal therapeutic plasma level |
dose azithromycin for patient | 500mg |
risk of adverse effect to statin causing rhabdomyolysis | clarithromycin |
alcohol is contraindicated | metronidazole |
depends on absence of oxygen | metronidazole |
CYP2D6 is inhibited by fluoxetine, what is substrate | codeine |
phase of clinical trial to develop dose range | phase II |
UGT stands for | Uridine glucuronosyl transferase |
calcium pills plus tetracycline is what type of interaction | problem with absorption |
diabetic drug plus aspirin is what interaction | protein displacement |
prodrug used for anesthesia | fospropofol |
Erythromycin inhibits CYP3A4/5 so metabolism of diazepam will increase | false |
what is not a mode of excretion | hepatic metabolism |
throbocytpenia is what category effect | hematologic |
drug interaction between iron and tetracycline is | absorption effect |
nanoscale definition | 1-100nm |
eqn for Kel | 0.693/T1/2 |
calssification of caugh | respiratory effect |
source of most drugs | chemical synthesis |
classification of dizziness | CNS effect |
who is tested for LD50 | mice |
thalidomide is used to treat | multiple myeloma |
lexicomp pharmacologic class of thalidomide | antineoplastic |
technique to allow production of a lot of chemicals in a short time | combinatorial chemistry |
discovered penicllin | Fleming |
weak acids absorbed where | areas of lower pH |
Not water miscible, semi solid | ointment |
water miscible, semi solid | creams |
water miscible, contains dissolved drug | topically applied gels |
water miscible, medication oral | local orally applied gels |
Parenteral liquid | drug that is injected, (ie dental anesthesia) |
morphine is (more/less) potent than demerol | more |
to form drug receptor complex it requires _____, to produce effect _______ | affinity, intrinsic activity |
LDR curve shows what | efficacy, potency, ~mechanism of drug action |
two drugs produce opposite effects | physiologic antagonism |
competitive reversible antagonism curve shifts where | to the right |
competitive irreversible antagonism curve shifts where | right and max effect decreases |
onset time for intramuscular | ~5 mins |
onset time for intravenous | ~10 secs |
Onset time for subcutaneous | ~10-15 secs |
efflux systems do what | export drug back to circulation |
these nonpolar lipophilic groups are best at simple diffusion | ethyls, propyls, phenyls |
Major eflux carrier in intestine and CNS capillary endothelium | P-glycoprotein |
main drug excretion routes | pee, poo |
main FDA function | ensure safety of drug for consumer |
food drug act | 1906 first to establish guidlines |
food drug cosmetic act | 1938 requires drug safety, clinical tests, makes FDA |
kefauver harris act | 1962 requires proof of effectiveness in humans |
controlled substances act | 1970 creates schedules |
hatch waxman act | 1984 generics approved without testing |
poison preventio act | 1970 save the children |
fda modernization act | 1997 drugs that help with life threatening diseases get priority |
drug safety oversight act | 2005 monitors drugs after release |
5 phases of drug development | synthesis of new chem, safety eval, effective eval, new drug app, post market survey |
margin of safety | LD50/ED50 |
toxicity | cell damage/tissue damage, usually intolerable |
side effect | undesired effect, usually tolerated |
Issues with thalidomide | caused 20% abnormal offspring in europe in 1960s |
phase I metabolism occurs where | liver |
phase II metabolism is what | conjugate with glucuronic acid, excretion by kidney |
Hydrolysis metabolizes | ester drugs |
CYP2C19 | Substrate: diazepam Inhibitor: fluoxetine |
CYP1A2 | substrate: theophylline Inhibitor: erythromycin |
CYP2C9 | substrate: warfarin Inhibitor: metronidazole |
Antiplatelet prodrug for thrombosis | clopidogrel |
major drug interaction of the 1950s | phenobarbital and warfarin |
easier to identify the peak dose in IV or oral drugs | oral |
Ach is neurtransmitter for ____ while NE is NT for? | all ganglia, sympathetic target organs |
exceptions to Ach/NE neurtransmitter rule | Adrenal medula doesnt ahve post ganglionic fibers, Sweat glands are innervated by SNS but transmitter is Ach, not NE |
Acetyl CoA + Choline = | acetylcholine |
subtypes of nicotinic receptors | NM (skeletal muscle), NN (Neuronal) |
Ach binds to what subunit | alpha |
Muscarinic subtypes | M1/3/5 (IP3/DAG), M2/4 (cAMP) |
Action/Receptor for iris radial/dilator muscle | mydriasis, a1 |
action/receptor for iris circular/constrictor muscle | miosis, m3 |
In the heart, receptors B1/B2 _____ while M2 _____ | accelerates, decelerates |
M3 receptor in respiratory system is ____ for asthma patient while B2 is _____ | bad, good |
receptor in GI that causes movement | M3 |
Levels of acetycholine (which is direct acting) | acetylecholine, methacholine, carachol, bethanechol |
Indirect acting cholinergic drugs do | inhibit activity of ACHE, allowing Ach to build up |
what reverses irreversables | pralidoxime (pam/2pam) |
can quaternary drugs make it to brain | no, stay in periphery |
diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis | edrophonium |
treatment of myasthenia gravis | neostigmine, pyridostigmine, ambenonium, atropine |
treatment of glaucoma | physostigmine, dysflos, eccothiopate |
myocardial infarction can be treated with | atropine |
nondepolarizing blocker does, while depolarizing does | blocks opening of channel, opens channel but blocks it up |
botulinum toxin used for | treatment of hemifacial spasm |
migraines with aura vs migraines without | 25 vs 75% |
origin of migraines | vascular and nervous (trigeminal) |
two phases of migrain | vasoconstriction, vasodilation |
what enzymes are targets of drugs for alzheimers/parkins | COMT, DDC, MAO2 (all of above) |
what needs to cross BBB to work for Alz/parks | selegeline |
what combo therapy for alz is not reasonable | tacarine and donepezil |
what is normal goal of alz treatment | preserve existing Ach |
what is main goal of prophylactic 5HT-2 antagonists | prevention of vasoconstriction by seratonin |
What is most common drug for acute migrains | sumatriptan |
what is target of antagonists other than triptans | CGRP |
rule for treatment of migrains | start simple |
what causes alz | neuronal degeneratino/ neuritic plaques containing AB Amyloids and Tau rich neruofibrillary...protein misfolding/buildup |
genes involved in alz | PS2/PS2/APP |
ACEInhibitors for alz | T / D / R Hydrochloride, Galantamine |
NMDA antagonists for alz | Memantine |
Cardinal signs of parks | tremor, rigidity, bradykinseia, akinesia, posture instability |
issue with parks | dopamine neurons dying |
Created by:
hawleyd11
Popular Dentistry sets