muscles lecture Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| Muscles | a bundle of red contractile fibers held together by a sheath of connective tissue - it is attached to bone by means of tendons or aponeuroses (fibrous sheets) which stem from the connective tissue sheaths. |
| A muscle unattached on both ends and stimulated | would move toward the middle. |
| Muscles are attached to bones and | cross at least one joint. |
| When a muscle contracts, | one end of the joint moves toward the other bone. |
| the more moveable bone referred to as the | the insertion,moves toward the more stable bone the origin. |
| Origins tend to be closer to the trunk and | insertions tend to be more toward the distal end |
| Reversal of muscle action happens when the origin moves | toward the insertion because more moveable end becomes less moveable |
| Muscle Names- Location ex.Tibialis anterior | located on anterior surface of the tibialis) |
| Muscle Names--Shape ex. Trapezius | trapezoid shape, serratus anterior - serrated or jagged shaped attachment anteriorly |
| Muscle Names--Action- extensor carpi ulnaris | action is to extend the wrist on the ulnar side. |
| Muscle Names--Number of heads or divisions- triceps brachii - | 3 headed muscle on the arm, biceps femoris - 2 headed muscle on the thigh. |
| Muscle Names--Attachments = origin/insertion- sternocleidomastoid muscle - | attaches on the sternum, clavicle and mastoid bones. |
| Muscle Names--Direction of fibers- names like external, internal oblique | describe the direction of fibers and location to one another. |
| Muscle Names --Size of muscle. | Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. |
| Fiber arrangement: | Muscle fibers are arranged within the muscle in a direction that is either parallel or oblique to the long axis of the muscle. |
| Parallel muscle fibers | tend to be longer and have greater ROM potential |
| strap | long, thin with fibers running entire length of muscle. (Sartorius, rectus abdominis, sternocleidomastoid |
| Fusiform - | shape similar to a spindle (wide middle, tapered ends) where it attaches to tendons. Ex. Biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis. |
| Rhomboidal--4 sided | , usually flat with broad attachments at each end. Ie. Pronator quadratus, rhomboids, gluetus maximus. |
| Triangular - flat/fan shaped | with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other. Ex. Pectoralis major. |
| Oblique muscle fibers | tend to be shorter, more numerous, have greater strength potential. They have a feather arrangement in which a muscle attaches at an oblique angle to its tendon. |
| Unipennate: | look like one side of a feather. Tibialis posterior muscle of the ankle, flexor pollicis longus muscle of the hand. |
| Bipennate - | looks like a common feather, both sides attached to central tendon. Ex. Rectus femoris , interosssi muscles |
| Multipennate - | have many tendons with oblique fibers in between. Ex. Deltoid and subscapularis. |
| Functional characteristics of muscle tissue: | Muscles have a normal resting length when it is unstimulated and no forces or stresses are on it. |
| Irritability | ability to respond to a stimulus. Nerve or electrical current. |
| Contractility - | ability to shorten or contract thus producing tension b/w ends. May result in muscle shortening, staying same or lengthening. |
| Extensibility - | ability of a muscle to stretch or lengthen. |
| Elasticity - | ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when force is removed. |
| Tension-- | force built-up w/in a muscle necessary for a muscle to contract or recoil. Stretching builds up tension and contracting releases it. |
| Tension--range | There is an optimal range where a muscle contracts effectively. |
| muscle stretching | A muscle can be shortened approx ½ of it normal resting length. Ie 6 to 3" |
| muscle stretched/shorting | It can be stretched twice as far as shortened twice as far a shortened ie. 9" |
| Excursion - | distance from maximum elongation to maximum shortening. As above example would be 6" . Ratio of most muscle is 2:1 |
| Excursion-rom | usually a muscle has enough excursion to allow joint to move through full ROM. Esp, with a muscle that only crosses 1 joint. It may not if crosses 2 or more joints. |
| strength-maintaining length | A muscle is strongest when slightly stretched prior to contraction. Ex. Golf swing, kick, tennis, baseball. Requiring a lot of force you wind-up therefore stretching muscle a little bit. |
| active insufficiency | when a muscle cannot shorten any farther. This occurs to the agonist (muscle contracting) |
| Passive insufficiency | when a muscle cannot be elongated any further without damage. Occurs to the antagonist. (Muscle relaxed on the opposite side of the joint) |
| Stretching: | generally agonist becomes actively insufficient before antagonist becomes passively insufficient. We purposely stretch muscles in therapy to either maintain or regain normal resting length. |
| Tenodesis - | tendon action on a muscle. Some degree of opening and closing hand can be accomplished using passive insufficiency. 2 or multi-joint muscles don’t have sufficient length to be stretched over all joints at once. |
| Isometric - | muscle contrasts producing force without changing length of muscle. Muscle contracts but no joint motion. Tightening biceps |
| Isotonic - | when muscle contracts, the muscle length changes and joint angle changes - |
| Concentric - joint movement, | muscle shortens and O & I move toward one another -ie. Again 5# weight. |
| Eccentric - joint motion | but muscle appears to lengthen that is the muscle attachments separate. |
| Agonist | -muscle or muscle group that causes the motion. Aka. P1rime mover |
| Assisting mover | - helps provide the motion but not as effective. |
| Antagonist - | muscle that performs opposite motion of the agonist. |
| Cocontraction- | when the agonist contracts at the same time as the antagonist. Usually the antagonist is relaxed |
| Stabilizer-muscle | muscle groups that supports or makes firm a part and allows the agonist to work more efficiently. Push ups. Elbow extensors are agonist, abs are stabilizers to keep trunk straight. |
| Synergist - | a muscle that works with another muscle to enhance a particular motion. |
| Angle of pull - most muscles have a diagonal line of pull | muscles know one direction of pull visualizing the muscle will assist in knowing their action. |
| Kinetic Chains - | exercises apply to open or closed kinetic chains |
| Kinetic Chains - Closed | Closed - requires the distal segment to be fixed (closed) and proximal segments to move. |
| Kinetic Chains -Open | Open - the distal segment free to move while proximal segment stays stationary |
Created by:
learntime101
Popular Occupational Therapy sets