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Hist.Ling. Semantics Test

Enter the letter for the matching Def. Type of semantic change
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1.
Examples of Semantic Shift changing meaning from more concrete, to more abstract:
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2.
3 emphasized emphasis of Semantic change:
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3.
Define "Deontic" vs "Epistemic"
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4.
Traugott's broad explanations of Tendancies in Senatic change: (1 of 3)
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(From Invited Inferencing theory of Semantic change) Examples of 'Invited Inference':
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Examples of Polysematic Stages of Semantic Change:
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Widening (Generalization, Extension, Broadening)
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(Traugott, Dasher, Sweester, Hopper, König)'s Principles (1&2):
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(Define) "Propositional" > "Textual"
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Traugott & Dasher "Invited Inferencing Theory of Semantic Change"
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Examples of types of semantic shifts that typically go in one direction (pt.2, pt3):
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Traugott's Theory On 3 main components of Semantic Change: & Directionality of change:
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Traugott, Dasher, Sweester, Hopper, König)'s Principles (3&4):
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Examples of types of semantic shifts that typically go in one direction (Pt.1):
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Name the Commonality in Semantic Change processe...
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Historical Factors Outside of Language that can contribute to Semantic Change:
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(From Invited Inferencing theory of Semantic change) Examples of 'Subjectification':
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common "physical senses" based semantic shifts:
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Physical Action Verbs >Mental State
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Example of Semantic Changes as result of Historical circumstances:
A.
A transitionary stage of Polysemy. Synchronic Variation
B.
1) meanings based on: External Situation >Internal situation (Evaluative/ Perceptual/Cognitive)-Degeneration, Elevation
C.
2)'Taste' words > 'Emotion' words 3) Obligation > Probability: "Deontic" >"Epistemic" meaning
D.
>"Propositional": describes context, concession, from temporal meaning. 'while'=during... >"Textual": specific temporal reference, 'at that time'
E.
-Polysemy -Prototype model -Networks of Overlapping Meaning
F.
> "Deontic" = Requirement- Permission-Ability. >"Epistemic": 'speakers assesment', probability.
G.
(Name force: & Theory) Speakers make pragmetic use of language in given context. ex: 'as long as' (Spatial) > (Temporal).
H.
Eng & Ger 1) Pto.Grmc. a= *tem-ram 2)Eng. a=timber,A= Building, B=building material. 3)A=timber, B='material for building' ('building' lost!)
I.
1)"see" > Comprehension 2) "hear" > Obey
J.
-Body parts becoming terms for more abstract meanings; Capitum (head) >Capital, Capo di (something), Cape (geographical), Captain, Caption....
K.
Spanish: 'león' = 'lion' (Spain) but 'cougar' (parts of Latin America)
L.
-Technology -Society (sociology, politics) -Religion....
M.
2) Phonetic Similairity, especially homophones, can lead to thesimilar forms becomming semantically more similar.. 3) Spatial Terms may develop temporal sense.. 4) Some semantic changes often go in only 1 direction...
N.
(name force: & Theory) Speaker comes to develope meanings for words that externalize perspectives and additudes as constrained by the world of Speech Event, instead of real world. ex: 'indeed' in + deed (in action) >(certainly). ex; "I'm sure that..."
O.
>Polysemy Central, & arises from: a) 'Invited Inferences': b) 'Subjectification': speakers develope meaning that 'Externalizes' perspectives and additudes.
P.
1) Semantically Related Words often undergoe parallel Semantic Shifts...(eng.dial: 'lie/lay')
Q.
name kind of semantic shift: 'grasp', 'get' 'feel', 'apture' Romance; pensare <pesare (Latin) 'to weigh'
R.
Range of meanings for a word increases, to include additional, more broad concepts. Word becomes less specific.
S.
1) (Propositional;= Literal meaning 'while' = during) 2) (Textual: =Connections to next discours, Concessive 'while') > 3) Expressive: speakers presentation of his/her opinion using expressive phrase 'I feel' )
T.
words related to: Sense of Touch > Sense of Taste. ('sharp', 'hot', 'crisp')
Type the Type of change: that corresponds to the displayed Def. Type of semantic change.
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Span. Port. cadera, cadeira < ‘buttocks’ < (Lat.) cathedra
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Stage 1: a 'A' . Stage 2: a 'A', 'B' (A >A, B). Stage 3: a 'B' (A, B > B)
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Slight shift in meaning to mean something that is closely related, but not exactly

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