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GEOG 287 MidTerm Test

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1.
How does one calculate a viewshed in raster?
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2.
Provide two methods to measure dispersion of a set of data. Explain each.
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3.
What are filters?
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4.
When measuring the distance between two features one could use “Functional distance” Explain what that means. Give examples.
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5.
Give two examples of higher-level objects for each of the following feature classes: Points, Lines, Polygons
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6.
When measuring the distance between two features one could use “simple distance” Explain what that means. Give Examples.
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7.
What is the main difference between an isotropic and an anisotropic surface?
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8.
How is slope implemented in a raster data model?
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9.
What are three different measurements you could make on a line feature?
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10.
Name, explain and give an example of Block functions
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11.
What is the purpose of Euler numbers?
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12.
How is slope implemented in a vector data model?
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13.
What are some similarities and differences from simple and functional distance?
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14.
What are Map Algebra functions?
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15.
What is a viewshed?
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16.
What is slope?
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17.
What is/are the dimensions associated with points, lines and polygons?
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18.
What’s the difference between static and roving window filters?
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19.
Name, explain and give an example of Focal functions
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20.
What is Relative frequency?
A.
*Points- Centroid, Node *Lines- Edge, Borders, Networks *Polygons- Regions (multi-part), Island
B.
To measure the degree of fragmentation as the amount of perforation
C.
*Similarities: Both try to determine a distance between two points. *Differences: Euclidian simple straight line regardless of barriers or impedance. Functional determines the best path best on cost inputs.
D.
*Sinuosity *Length *Orientation
E.
Output of what you can see in intervisibility analysis
F.
Using the extended neighborhood function
G.
Relative Frequency is the percentage of the values
H.
* Formulating command statements that perform cartographic analysis. Creates new grids * Raster Calculator tool contains the functions and is used to perform them
I.
* Range = Highest – lowest value. Shows the spread of the values * Standard deviation = the average difference between frequencies
J.
Using TIN- Triangular irregular networks (TIN) functions
K.
*Aggregates neighborhoods to evaluate a value as a block. Blocks don't overlap, value in block computed and written to all cells of the block. * Example Block Statistics-Mean (finds the mean of each neighborhood)
L.
Direction. We use Isotropic (example walking up and down a hill, use same cost value)
M.
*Point-zero, none *Line-one, length *Poly- two, length and width
N.
Functional Distance is a distance based on path, in one direction, with the least calculated cost. o Anisotropic o Measures in a specific direction o Least cost paths * Slope, friction, barriers, etc
O.
Rate of Change as you move through space
P.
*Static = Block Function (whole Neighborhood) *Roving = Focal Functions (looks at each Kernel makes an evaluation, and moves on to next Kernel)
Q.
Using a Filter, roving window of the neighborhood.
R.
Simple Distance (Euclidian) is a straight line, regardless of barriers or impedance, direction and cost. o Euclidean/isotropic o Straight line distance o Doesn’t matter the direction you measure * No factors adding to cost of movement
S.
*Classifies per neighborhood. Output value results from neighborhood of the input. * An example is: Focal Statistics
T.
Apply algorithmic functions to recalculate cell values based on type filter applied.

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