In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: What are ? Answer: Apply algorithmic functions to recalculate cell values based on type filter . Question: How are filters used for reclassification ? Answer: Apply algorithmic functions to recalculate cell values based on given inputs (edge , fragmentation, steepness of slope). Question: What’s the difference between and roving window filters?Answer: *Static = Block Function (whole Neighborhood)
*Roving = Focal Functions (looks at each Kernel makes an evaluation, and on to next Kernel)
Question: What are -level objects? Answer: Important to the to understand x, y coordinates (Nodes). Importance for a future evaluation. Question: Give two examples of higher-level objects for each of the following feature :
Points,
Lines,
PolygonsAnswer: *Points- Centroid, Node
*Lines- Edge, , Networks
*Polygons- Regions (multi-part), Island
Question: Explain why the analysis piece of GIS is often the most abused aspect and give an to support your explanation. Answer: *People not applying the right tools or evaluating the data to know if make sense.
*An example is using Jenk’s Natural breaks as the default classification, although the data may not be normalized for natural breaks, Question: What is ? Answer: Rate of Change as you move space Question: How is slope in a vector data model?Answer: Using TIN- Triangular irregular networks (TIN) Question: How is slope implemented in a data model?Answer: Using a Filter, roving window of the . Question: What are Map Algebra ?Answer: * Formulating command statements that perform cartographic analysis. Creates new
* Raster Calculator tool contains the functions and is used to perform them Question: Name, explain and give an of Local functionsAnswer: *Looks at cell/kernel. The value in the output is contingent only on the input cell at that location.
* An example: Highest Position (conditional finds the highest point) Question: Name, explain and give an of Focal functionsAnswer: *Classifies per neighborhood. value results from neighborhood of the input.
* An example is: Focal Statistics Question: Name, explain and give an of Global functionsAnswer: *Evaluates the entire grid.
*An example: high/low Question: Name, explain and give an example of Block Answer: *Aggregates to evaluate a value as a block. Blocks don't overlap, value in block computed and written to all cells of the block.
* Example Block Statistics-Mean (finds the mean of each neighborhood)
Question: Name, explain and give an of Zonal functionsAnswer: *Evaluates value Per zone. All output cells get the same value.
*An is Zonal Area Question: What are the four basic reasons used to define a buffer distance? (I.E. what drives you to establish a distance of 50?) Describe them.Answer: * Arbitrary - random
* Causative – function about what is going on, movement
* Measureable – measuring out (or in) from a feature for informational purposes
* Mandated – buffer given by Question: Provide two methods to measure of a set of data. Explain each.Answer: * Range = Highest – lowest value. Shows the spread of the values
* Standard deviation = the average between frequencies
Question: Give an example of a simple that aggregates two or more classes together into single class.Answer: * Reclassify slopes: 0-10 degrees = 1, 10-20 = 2, etc to a new Question: What is intervisibility ?Answer: Determines what you can see from a (cell) Question: What is a ?Answer: Output of what you can see in intervisibility Question: How does one calculate a viewshed in ? Answer: TIN- Triangular irregular networks (TIN) functions Question: How does one calculate a in raster? Answer: Using the extended neighborhood Question: Describe some uses of intervisibility .Answer: LOS for fire tower, location of cell tower Question: What is the of Euler numbers? Answer: To measure the degree of fragmentation as the of perforation Question: What factors influence a having a particular Euler number? Answer: Number of and Fragments Question: Why is it important to be able to , identify, count and separately tabulate and display individual items? Answer: First Steps in order to perform Question: When measuring the distance between two features one could use âsimple distanceâ Explain what that . Give Examples.Answer: Simple Distance (Euclidian) is a straight line, regardless of barriers or impedance, direction and cost.
o Euclidean/isotropic
o line distance
o Doesnât matter the direction you measure
* No factors adding to cost of movement
Question: When measuring the distance between two one could use âFunctional distanceâ Explain what that means. Give examples.Answer: Functional Distance is a distance based on path, in one direction, with the least calculated cost.
o
o Measures in a specific direction
o Least cost paths
* Slope, friction, barriers, etc
Question: What are some similarities and from simple and functional distance?Answer: *Similarities: Both try to determine a distance between two points.
*Differences: simple straight line regardless of barriers or impedance. Functional determines the best path best on cost inputs. Question: What is frequency? Answer: values within a dataset Question: What is Relative ?Answer: Relative Frequency is the of the values Question: What is/are the dimensions associated with points, lines and ?Answer: *Point-zero, none
*Line-one, length
*Poly- two, and width
Question: What are different measurements you could make on a line feature? Answer: *Sinuosity
*Length
*Orientation
Question: What are three different measurements you could make on a feature? Answer: *Area
*Perimeter
*Angles
Question: What is the main between an isotropic and an anisotropic surface? Answer: Direction. We use (example walking up and down a hill, use same cost value) Question: What are the differences between a Bar and a Histogram?Answer: Bar charts represent Qualitative categories not contiguous (touching bars)
Histogram represents Quantitative Continuous Numeric values of a single category (Bars must )
Question: Make sure to review graphic of categorical types (was on test).Answer: *Top left-Natural Breaks
*Top right- Algorithimic progression
*Bottom left- Standard Deviation
*Bottom right- Equal or Interval |
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