Fluid/Electrolyte Test
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| A. BUN = 20:1, usually 10:1, hematocrit increased, Urine specific gravity increasedB. Symptoms: increased pulse, increased B/P, Urine output <30 ml/hr, thirst, neuro changesC. Replace fluids PO if not severe, Isotonic IV fluids, Anti-emetics for vomiting, Anti-diarrheals, accurate & frequent I&OD. Na+ replacement slowly not to exceed >12 mEq/L in 24 hrs., isotonic solution, water restriction E. Potassium and SodiumF. Almost always result of increased total body sodiumG. BUN and hematocrit levels decreased due to plasma dilution (too much water)H. Na+ >145I. Major intracellular electrolyte, influences skeletal & cardiac muscles, 80% excreted from kidneys, 20% lost bowel & sweatJ. Fever, tachypnea (rapid breathing), vomiting, diarrhea, gi suctioning, sweating, hemorrhage, excercisingK. Thirst, anorexia, nausea, fatigue, muscle weakness, cramps, increased HR, increased B/P, cool, clammy skin if severeL. Prolonged use of tourniquet, anemia, K+ intake (salt substitutes) renal failure most commonM. Behavioral changes in elderlyN. condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urineO. Too much insulin, insulinemia, burns, vomiting, diarrhea, NG suctioning, diureticsP. hydrochlorothiazide, can cause hypokalemia (potassium low) and hyponatremia (low sodium)Q. Renal: diuretics, Adrenal insufficiency, low aldosterone, Non renal: vomitting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, excessive water intake, hypervolemia, IV therapy, head injuryR. 42-52% male35-47% femaleS. Excessive salt intake, renal failure, heart failure, cirrhosis of the liverT. 42-52% male, 35-47% female |
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