Fluid & Electrolytes LPN
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Intracellular Fluid (inside cells) | show 🗑
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| Extracellular Fluid (outside cells) | show 🗑
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| show | Kidneys, skin, lungs, GI tract
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| Osmosis (fluid/water) | show 🗑
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| Diffusion (solutes) | show 🗑
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| show | Equal/isotonic expansion of Extra-cellular plasma. Retention of sodium & H2O in equal proportions.
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| Hypervolemia | show 🗑
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| show | Excessive salt intake, renal failure, heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver
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| show | Edema, distended neck veins, abnormal lung sounds, increased weight, increased urine output, tachycardia, increased B/P
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| show | BUN and hematocrit levels decreased due to plasma dilution (too much water)
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| show | Sodium, Urine specific gravity, physical exam, chest x-ray
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| Sodium | show 🗑
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| BUN (kidney function) | show 🗑
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| show | 42-52% male35-47% female
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| show | Restrict sodium and fluid, TED hose improve venous return, diuretics, dypsnea can occur, dialysis if severe
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| Potassium sparing (weakest) | show 🗑
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| Thiazide (moderate) | show 🗑
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| Loop Diuretics (most potent) | show 🗑
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| Hypovolemia | show 🗑
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| show | Fever, tachypnea (rapid breathing), vomiting, diarrhea, gi suctioning, sweating, hemorrhage, excercising
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| show | Malnutrition, sepsis, burns, ascites, diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, incapacitated, elderly
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| show | condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine
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| show | Thirst, anorexia, nausea, fatigue, muscle weakness, cramps, increased HR, increased B/P, cool, clammy skin if severe
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| show | BUN = 20:1, usually 10:1, hematocrit increased, Urine specific gravity increased
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| Hematocrit (Percentage of RBC's) | show 🗑
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| show | 1.010-1.025
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| show | Replace fluids PO if not severe, Isotonic IV fluids, Anti-emetics for vomiting, Anti-diarrheals, accurate & frequent I&O
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| show | Frequent Assessment & VS, level of consciousness, skin color, skin turgor, weight (1L=2.2lbs), breath sounds
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| Hypovolemic Shock | show 🗑
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| Hypovolemic Shock | show 🗑
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| show | Actions: Fluid replacement with colloids (blood products) Isotonic (normal saline) Supine position-elevate legs, Monitor vital signs, I/O's
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| Third Spacing | show 🗑
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| show | The movement of body fluid to a non-functional space, occurs frequently and can be potentially fatal
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| Third Spacing | show 🗑
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| Anasarca | show 🗑
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| show | Peripheral edema, organ edema
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| MEq | show 🗑
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| Cations | show 🗑
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| show | Contains K+ Potassium
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| show | Contains Na+ Sodium
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| show | Potassium and Sodium
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| Sodium | show 🗑
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| Aldosterone | show 🗑
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| show | Serum Na <135
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| show | Renal: diuretics, Adrenal insufficiency, low aldosterone, Non renal: vomitting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, excessive water intake, hypervolemia, IV therapy, head injury
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| show | Na+ replacement slowly not to exceed >12 mEq/L in 24 hrs., isotonic solution, water restriction
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| show | Na+ >145
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| Hypernatremia Risk Factors | show 🗑
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| show | Behavioral changes in elderly
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| show | Flushed skin, dry, swollen tongue, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema
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| Hypernatremia prevention & mangement | show 🗑
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| show | Major intracellular electrolyte, influences skeletal & cardiac muscles, 80% excreted from kidneys, 20% lost bowel & sweat
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| Hypokalemia <3.5 causes risks | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac: dysrhythmias & weak pulse, flat/inverted T-waves on ECG, cardiac & respiratory arrest
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| Hypokalemia Prevention & management | show 🗑
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| Hyperkalemia K+ >5 | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac, slow irregular puse, hypotension, restlessness, irritability, weakness, paralysis, diarrhea
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| Hyperkalemia management | show 🗑
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Created by:
angienoriega
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