Linguistics-1
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| Prescriptivists | self-appointed "language doctors" seeking to guide speakers to what they perceive to be proper language through rules such as the following
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| prescriptive rules | standard for educated writing, different views, resisting change, made up
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| justifications for prescriptivism | old is better, those are the conventions, more logical, I said so
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| use of prescriptivism | preservation, clarity, standardization, social gatekeeping
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| descriptive grammar | seeks to understand languages through the scientific study of language. seeking to uncover subconscious knowledge
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| goal of descriptive grammar? | to uncover a set of rules that will give a grammatical sentence
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| linguistic competence | knowledge in speakers minds which allows language to be generated
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| why don't we study linguistic performance | because it is distorted by memory, false starts, fatigue. There are performance errors
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| mental grammar | a set of rules for how language is structured (tacit)
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| metalinguistic knowledge | knowledge about knowledge of language
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| what does it mean for an expression to be grammatical | it means if it can be generated by grammar; if it is possible to say
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| what provides evidence for speaker's linguistic competence | judgements of grammaticality and judgements of ambiguity
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| two sides of linguistic creativity | 1. native speakers of a language can produce and understand novel sentences of that language 2. native speakers can construct an infinite number of expressions form a limited set of building blocks
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| recursion | linguistic unit of some kind containing a unit of the same kind
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| nominal compound | a noun composed of two nouns
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| head of a compound | a noun that determines its basic meaning
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| right hand head rule of English | head of a compound is always on the right
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| Early nativism | Plato- learning is just remembering in-born knowledge
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| rationalist nativism - Descartes | knowledge of things like god adn infinity is innate
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| rational nativism - Leibniz | experience is particular, "necessary truths" are innate, given by benevolent god
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| nativism | knowledge is built in
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| naturalists criticism on nativism | too mystical, too much theology, unnecessarily extravagant, knowledge must be explained though scientific methods
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| emiricism | all knowledge comes from experience
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| tabula rasa | the mind is at birth a blank slate
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| behaviorism | learning is stimulus driven, as time passes, language will become for accurate
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| modern nativism | some experience some innateness
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| noam chomsky | language is innate, knowledge of language is part of human mind
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| human language faculty | knowledge of language is part of human mind
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