high yield
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER | stimulate extension of limbs
CC:Remove AER leads to limb defects
Thalidomide inhibits proliferation and interupts the AER functioning
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| FGFR-3 | Lengthening of limbs
CC: Disruption leads to dwarfism
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| HOX | Segmentation - Provides address for limbs CC: Results from failure of webs to degenerate (ie failure of cell death/apoptosis).
Limbs in wrong places
Klippel-Feil
Brevicollis
Syndactyly
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| WNT7a | Organization along Dorsal-Ventral axis
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| ZPA | Morphogenic control region located at the base of the developing limb bud. Regulates differentiation of digits.
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| MyoD | Induces muscle development
CC: Prune Belly, Congenital Torticollis, Poland Syndrome
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| PAX6 | Patterning of neural tube Basal - Primary
Motor-efferent
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| SHH | patterning along anterior-posterior axis
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| PAX3 | Patterning of neural tube Alar-sensory- afferent
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| Joint formation | Type depends on extracellular matrix secreted
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| Synovial joint | Central mesenchyme disappears to form cavity (depends on movement)
(diarthrosis) - freely moveable joints are the most common found
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| Fibrous joint | like sutures of the skull
synarthrodial - immoveable joints found in cranial vault and teeth
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| Cartilaginous joint | Hyaline or fibrocartilage formed; synchondroses and sympheses - partially moveable joints
Ex: costochondral joints, pubic symphysis
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| Joint movement - hinge | Flexion/Extension; elbow/knee
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| Joint movement - pivot | Rotation of one bone around another; neck, atlas and axis bones
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| Joint movement - ball and socket | shoulder and hip
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| Joint movement - saddle | thumb
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| Joint movement - condyloid | Wrist joints
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| Joint movement - Gliding | Gliding movements; intercarpal joints
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