Chapters 1-6 Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| show | In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.
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| Atoms of the same element, zinc for example, have the same number of ____. | show 🗑
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| What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature? | show 🗑
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| show | Feldspar
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| The ion at the center of a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by _____. | show 🗑
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| Which mineral is easily soluble in water at room temperature conditions? | show 🗑
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| show | Cleavage
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| Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earth's crust? | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon. (Included of the eight are potassium, aluminum, calcium, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sodium and iron.)
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| TF:Mineral luster is broadly classified as either being metallic or opaque. | show 🗑
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| TF: Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons. | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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| show | False.
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| TF: Nonmetallic minerals like halite and gypsum have no industrial uses. | show 🗑
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| show | False.
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| As the rate of cooling increases, the size of the crystals that form _____ | show 🗑
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| show | have a similar texture.
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| This igneous texture is characterized by two distinctively different crystal sizes | show 🗑
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| Sedimentary rocks _______ | show 🗑
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| show | salt flat.
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| The most abundant chemical sedimentary rock is _________ | show 🗑
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| Metamorphism may result from _________ | show 🗑
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| This dense, nonfoliated metamorphic rock is produced most often from standstone. | show 🗑
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| show | slate, phyllite, schist
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| TF: Bowen's reaction series predicts the sizes of the different mineral grains that grow from crystallizing magmas. | show 🗑
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| TF: Glassy igneous rocks form when magma cools too fast for mineral grains to grow. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| TF: Metamorphism can affect only sedimentary rocks. | show 🗑
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| Clay minerals formed from gabbro or diorite bedrock illustrate which kind of weathering? | show 🗑
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| All the following are factors that affect rates of weathering except for _______ | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is an important, mechanical weathering process for enlarging fractures and extending them deeper into large boulders and bedrock? | show 🗑
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| show | Involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material.
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| show | residual
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| Of the following, which one would most likely be triggered by an earthquake? | show 🗑
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| show | creep
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| The most rapid type of mass movement is a ________ | show 🗑
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| show | an extremely thick soil profile
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| TF: Quartz weathers readily to aluminum-rich clay minerals. | show 🗑
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| TF: Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sands in riverbeds and on beaches. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| TF: Ferromagnesian minerals that crystallize at high temperatures in Bowen's reaction series are generally much less susceptible to chemical weathering than quartz. | show 🗑
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| The steepest, stable, slope angle possible in unconsolidated, granular materials like sand and gravel is called the angle of retention. | show 🗑
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| Repeated freezing and thawing can be important in soil creep movements. | show 🗑
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| show | Sea level drops when water is stored in expanding ice sheets and continental glaciers.
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| Which of the following is NOT part of the water cycle? | show 🗑
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| If you were to examine the profile of a typical river, you would probably find that the gradient is ________ | show 🗑
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| At a bend in a river, the main erosion is ________ | show 🗑
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| show | usually consists of fine particles
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| show | An oxbow
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| show | running water
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| show | all of the above (sinkholes, soluble rock, caverns)
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| show | water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping.
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| show | True
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| TF: A V-shaped valley and no floodplain indicate a youthful, downcutting stream | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| show | False
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| show | Pleistocene epoch
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| show | exist only in the Northern Hemisphere.
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| show | U
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| _________ are erosional features produced by valley/alpine glaciers | show 🗑
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| show | Kettle
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| A broad accumulation of stratified drift deposited adjacent to the downstream edge of an end moraine is an __________ | show 🗑
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| show | Despite infrequent rainfalls, erosional and depositional features of running water are important in desert landscapes
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| show | was once glacial outwash deposits
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| Inselbergs are _________ | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| TF: The Pleistocene epoch is the only glacial period for which evidence exists. | show 🗑
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| TF: Eskers and kames are deposited by meltwater streams, and they are composed of stratified sand and gravel | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| TF: The Basin and Range region of the western United States is an excellent example of a mountainous desert landscape. | show 🗑
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| TF: The Colorado River is an example of a large wash. | show 🗑
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