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SOL 5.7 Earth Layers
Mr. Holzshu's review of the layers of the Earth, plates, and boundaries.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rocks have properties that can be | observed, tested, and described. |
| Composition, grain size and textural features, color, and the presence of fossils help with | identification. |
| Rocks move and change over time due to | heat and pressure within Earth. |
| Rocks move and change over time due to | weathering, erosion, and deposition at the surface. |
| Rocks can change | from one type to another. |
| sedimentary rocks | layers of sediment cemented together |
| igneous rocks | melted and cooled, e.g., lava and magma |
| metamorphic rocks | changed by heat and pressure. |
| Scientific evidence indicates Earth is ancient — approximately | 4.6 billion years old. |
| Fossils provide | information about life and conditions of the past. |
| Earth is composed of | four concentric layers |
| The crust is composed primarily of | rocky material. |
| The mantle is composed mostly of | molten rock. |
| The innermost layers are composed mostly of | iron and nickel. |
| Pressure and temperature | increase with depth beneath the surface. |
| Earth’s thermal energy causes | movement of material within Earth. |
| Large continent-size blocks are called | plates |
| Most earthquakes and volcanoes are located at | the boundaries of the plates (faults). |
| Plates can move together | convergent boundaries |
| Plates can move apart | divergent boundaries |
| Plates can slip past each other horizontally | transform boundaries, also called strike-slip or sliding boundaries |
| Geological features in the oceans (including trenches and mid-ocean ridges) and on the continents (mountain ranges, including the Appalachian Mountains) are caused by | current and past plate movements. |
| Rocks and other materials on Earth’s surface are constantly being broken down both | chemically and physically. |
| The products of weathering include | clay, sand, rock fragments, and soluble substances. |
| Materials can be moved by water and wind | eroded |
| Materials can be deposited in new locations as sediment | deposition |
| Humans | have varying degrees of impact on Earth’s surface through their everyday activities. |
| With careful planning, | the impact on the land can be controlled |
| Ring of Fire | The area of tectonic plates with the most amount of active volcanoes in the world. |
| Mountains | These are formed when two convergent plates come together and force land to move upward. |
| Lava | This is magma outside of the Earth. |
| Pangaea | This is the theory of a "super continent", when the Earth was a single landmass. |
| Coffee | This is what college students use to keep good grades. |
| Mr. Holzshu | This is someone who was old enough to live on Pangaea. |
| Mariana Trench | This is the deepest valley in the world, deep in the Pacific Ocean. |
| 22 Miles | The average thickness of the Earth's crust. |
| mantle | The thickest layer of the Earth. |
| Earthquakes | Caused by shifting of tectonic plates. |
| Transform Faults | Their movement causes earthquakes. |
| Earth's new crust | Comes from magma cooling when it reaches the crust. |
| volcanoes | Where magma from the mantle comes from. |
| Trenches | When convergent plates come together and push downward, these form. |
| Mountains | When convergent plates come together and push upward, these form. |
| Mid-ocean ridges | When divergent plates come apart, and magma seeps up, forming new crust. |
| faults | These are the boundary lines between tectonic plates. |
Created by:
erichholzshu
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