chapter 9 vocabulary
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| 3-tier architecture | a client/server environment that uses middleware to translate requests between the client and server
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| account | a record of a user that contains all of her properties,including rights to resources,password,user name and so on
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| active directory | the method for organizing and managing objects associated with the network in the windows server 2003 and server 2008.
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| administrator | a user account that has unlimited privilieges to resources and objects managed by a server or domain.account is created during nos installation.
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| aix | a proprietary implementation of the inix system distributed by ibm
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| asymmetric multiprocessing | method that assigns each subtask to a specific processor
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| attribute | a variable property associated with a network object.
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| branch | a part of the the organizational structure of an operating systems directory that contains objects or other organizational units
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| berkeley software distribution | suffix differentiates these distributions from at&t distributions.
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| child domain | a domain established within another domain in a windows server 2003 or server 2008 domain tree
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| common internet file system | a file access protocol.runs over tcp/ip and is the standard file access protocol used by windows operating system
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| class | a type of object recognized by an nos directory and defined in an nos schema.examples are printers and users.
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| common name | the name of an object
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| command interpreter | a program,usually text based,that accepts and executes system programs and applicationson behalf of users.it includes the ability to execute a series of instructions that are stored in a file
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| domain component | the name of any of the domains to which an object belongs
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| directory | a listing that organizes resources and correlates them with their properties.a method for organizing and managing objects.
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| distribution | the term used to refer to the different implementations of a particular unix or linux systems.example of different distributions of linux are fedora,suse,and ubuntu.
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| distinguished name | a long form of an objects name in active directory that explicitly indicates the object name,plus the names of its containers and domains.
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| distinguished name | includes a domain component,organizational unit,and common name.
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| domain | a group of users,servers,and other resources that share account and security policies thru a windows server 2003 or server 2008 nos.
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| domain controller | a windows server 2003 or server 2008 computer that contains a replica of the active directory database
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| domain model | the type of client/server network that relies on domains,rather then workgroups
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| domain tree | a group of heirarchically arranged domains that share a common namespace in the windows server 2003 or server 2008 active directory
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| explicit one way trust | a type of trust relationship in which two domains that belong to different nos directory trees are configured to trust each other
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| ext3 | the name of the primary file system used in most linux distributions
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| fedora | a version of linux packaged and distributed by red hat
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| file access protocol | enables one system to access files on another system
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| file globbing | a form of filename substitution
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| file system | an operating systems method of organizing,managing,and accessing its files thru logical structures and software routines.
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| forest | a collection of domain trees that use different namespaces.allows for trust relationships to be established between trees.
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| gnu | the name given to the public software project to implement a complete,free source code implementation of unix.
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| gnu | refers to the collection of unix inspired utilities and tools that are included with linux distributions.acronym within an acronym that stands for gnu's not unix.
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| group | a means of collectively managing users permissions and restrictions apllied to shared resources.form the basis for resource and account management for every type of nos.
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| graphical user interface | a pictorial representation of computer functions and elements that,in the case of nos's enables administartors to more easily manage files,users,groups,security,printers,and other issues.
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| globally unique identifier | a 128 bit number generated and assigned to an object upon its creation in active directory.network applications and serices use an objects to communicate with it
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| hierarchial file system | the organization within files and directories,or folders,on a disk in which directories may contain files and other directories.resembles a tree like structure
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| inherited | a type of permission or right,that is passed down from one group ,the parent,to a group within that group,the child.
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| information node | a unix or linux file system information storage area that holds all details about a file.this information includes the size,the access rights,the date and time of creation,and a pointer to the actual contents of the file.
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| kernel | the core of a unix or linux system.this part of the operating system is loaded and run when you turn on your computer.it mediates between user programs and the computer hardware.
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| kernel module | a portion of the kernel that you can load and unload to add or remove functionality on a running linux or unix system.
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| lightweight directory access protocol | a standard protocol for accessing network directories.
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| leaf object | an object in an operating systems directory,such as a printer or user,that does not contain other objects.
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| linux | a freely distributable implementation of a unix type of system.
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| line printer daemon | a unix service responsible for printing files placed in the printer que by the lpr command.
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| lpr | a unix command that places files in the printer que.the files are subsequently printed with lpd,the print service.
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| man pages | the online documentation for any variety of the unix operating system.this documentation describes the use of the commands and the programming interface.
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| map | the action of associating a disk,directory,or device with a drive letter
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| member server | a server that does not hold directory information and therefore cannot authenticate users.
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| middleware | the software that sits between the client and server in a 3-tier architecture.
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| middleware | may be used as a messaging service between clients ans servers,as a universal query language for databases, or as a means of coordinating processes between multiple servers that need to work together in servicing clients
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| mount | the process of making a disk partition available
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| multiprocessing | the technique of splitting tasks among multiple processors to expediate the completion of any single instruction
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| multitasking | the ability of a processor to perform multiple activities in a brief period of time
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| namespace | the complete database of hierarchial names,including host and domain names,used to resolve ip addresses with their hosts.
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| object | a representation of a thing or person associated with the network that belongs in the nos directory.objects include users,printers,groups,computers,data files
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| open source software | software that is distributed with a few restrictions and whose source code is freely available
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| organizational unit | a logical receptable for holding objects with similiar characteristics or privileges in an nos directory.containers form the branches of the directories tree.
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| page file | a file on the hard drive that is used for virtual memory
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| paging | the process of moving blocks of information,called pages,between ram and into a page file on disk
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| partition | an area of a computers hard drive that is logically defined and acts as a seperate disk drive
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| per seat | a licensing mode that allows a fized quantity of clients to use one software package simultaneously
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| per user | a licensing mode that allows a fixed quantity of clients to use one software package simultaneously
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| physical memory | the ram chips installed on the computers system board that provides dedicated memory to that computer
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| pipe | a character that enables you to combine existing commands to form new commands.the symbol is a |
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| pipeline | a series of two or more commands in which the output of prior commands is sent to the input of subsequent commands
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| preemptive multitasking | tasks are actually performed one at a time.in a very brief succession.one program uses the processor for a certain period of time,then is suspended to allow another program to use the processor
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| printer que | a logical representation of a networked printers functionality.
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| process | a routine of sequential instructions that runs until it has acheived its goal.for example a spreadsheet program is a process.
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| proprietary unix | any implementation of unix for which the source code is either unavailable or available only by purchasing a licensed copy from novell
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| relative distinguished name | an attribut of an object that identifies the object seperately from its related containers and domain.for most objects,the relative distinguished name is the same as its common name in the distinguished name convention
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| redirector | a service that runs on a client workstation and determines whether the clients request should be handled by the client or the server.
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| replication | the process of copying active directory data to multiple domain controllers.this ensures redundancy so that in case one of the domain controllers fails,clients can still log on to the nework,be authenticated,and access resources
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| root | a highly privileged user id that has all the rights to create,delete,modify,move,read,write or execute files on a unix or linux system.
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| root domain | the single domain from which child domains branch out in a domain tree
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| samba | an open source software package that provides complete windows style file and printer sharing capabilities
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| schema | the description of object types,or classes,and their required and optional attributes that are stored in an nos's directory
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| server manager | a gui tool provided with windows server 2008 that enables network administrators to manage server roles,features,resources,and users from a single interface
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| shell | another term for the unix command interpreter
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| site license | a type of software license,that for a fixed price,allows any number of users in one location to legally access a program
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| server message block | a protocol for communications and resource access between systems,such as clients and servers.
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| solaris | a proprietary implementation of the unix operating system by sun microsystems
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| source code | the computer instructions wwritten in a programming language that is readable by humans.
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| source code | must be translated into a form that is executable by the machine,typically called binary code or target code
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| symmetric multiprocessing | a method that splits all operations equally among two or more processors
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| thread | a well defined self contained subset of a process.
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| thread | using within a process enables a program to efficiently perform related,multiple,simultaneous activities.
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| tree | a logical representation of multiple hierarchial levels in a directory.
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| tree | the whole structure shares a common starting point,root,and from that point extends branches,containers,which may extend additional branches and so on.
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| trust relationship | the relationship between two domains on a server or network that allows a domain controller from one domain to authenticate users from the other domain
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| two way transitive trust | the security relationship between domains in the same domain tree in which one domain grants every other domain in the tree access to its resources and,in turn,that domain can access other domains resources.
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| two way transitive trust | when a new domain is added to a tree,it immediately shares a two way trust with the other domains in the tree
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| user principal name | the preferred active directory naming conventions for objects when used in informal situations.
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| user principal name | this name looks like a familiar internet address,including the positioning of the domain name after the @ sign.typically used for email and related internet services
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| virtual memory | logically carved out of space on the hard drive and added to physical memory RAM
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| virtualization | the capability for operating multiple logical servers,or virtual servers,on a single machine
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| workgroup | a group of interconnected computers that share each others resources without relying on a central file server.
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| x window system |
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