vocabulary terms
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| 802.11a | wireless networking technique that uses multiple frequencies in the 5-GHz frequency range
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| 802.11a | used with higher frequencies,unique method of encoding data and more available bandwith
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| 802.11b | wireless technique that uses direct sequence spread spectrum signaling in the 2.4-2.4835 GHz frequency range
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| 802.11b | separates the 2.4 GHZ band into 14 overlapping 22-MHz chanels
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| 802.11g | wireless networking technique designed to be compatible with 802.11b while using different encoding techniques
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| 802.11n | wireless networking technique that may issue signals in the 2.4 or 5 GHx band and can acheive throughput between 65 and 600 Mbps.
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| 802.11n | backward compatible with 802.11a,b and g.accomplishes this thru MIMO,channel bonding and frame aggregation
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| 802.16 | standard for wireless MANs.use frequencies between 2 and 66 GHz.antenna operate in line of sight and out of line of sight and covers 30 miles.
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| 802.16e | most popular version of WiMax
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| 802.16e | IEEE improved the mobility and QoS characteristics of the technology,better suited to VoIP and mobile phone uers
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| access point | a device used on wireless LANs that transmits and receives wireless signals to and from multiple nodes and retransmits them to the rest of the network segment
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| access point | can connect a group of nodes with a network or two networks with each other.use directional or omnidirectional antennas
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| active scanning | method used by wireless stations to detect the presence of an access point
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| active scanning | station issues a probe to each channel in its frequency range and waits for the access point to respon
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| ad hoc | a type of wireless LAN
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| ad hoc | stations communicate directly with each other rather then using an access point
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| association | the communication that occurs between a station and an access point to enable the station to connect tot he network via the access point
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| beacon frame | a frame issued by an access point to alert other nodes of its existence
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| bluetooth | wireless networking standard that uses frequency hopping spread spectrum signaling in the 2.4GHz band
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| bluetooth | designed primarily for use with small office,home networks in which multiple devices are connected
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| basic service set | a group of stations that share an access point
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| basic service set identifier | the identifier for a basic service set
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| channel bonding | recommended for use in the 5 GHz range because this band has more available channels and suffers less interference than the 2.4 GHz band
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| channel bonding | combination of two 20-MHz frequency band to create one 40-MHz frequency band to carry more then twice the amount of data that a single 20-MHz band could.
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| carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance | a network access method used on 802.11 wireless networks
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| csma/ca | before a node begins to send data it checks the medium.if it detects no activity it waits a bit more then sends the data
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| csma/ca | if node detects activity on the network,it waits a while,checks he channel again for no activity.this helps to minimize the chance of a collision
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| dial return | a method of satellite internet access
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| dial return | a subscriber receives data via a satellite downlink transmission,but sends data to the satellite via a modem,dial-up,connection
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| diffraction | occurs when an electromagnetic wave encounters an obstruction and splits into secondary waves.secondarfy waves continue to propagate in the direction they were split
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| diffraction | wireless signals would look like they are being bended around the obstacle
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| directional antenna | issues wireless signals along a single direction or path
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| downlink | a connection from an orbiting satellite to an earth based receiver
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| direct sequence spread spectrum | a transmission technique
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| dsss | a signals bits are distributed over an entire frequency band at once.each bit is encoded so that the receiver can reassemble the original sinal upon receiving the bits
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| extended service set | a groupr of access points and associated station,or basic service sets,connected to the same LAN
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| extended service set identifier | a special identifier shared by basic service set that belongs to the same extended service set
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| fading | change in a wireless signals strength as a result of some of the electromagnetic energy being scattered,reflected, or diffracted after being issued by the transmitter
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| frequency hopping spread spectrum | a wireless signaling technique
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| fhss | a signal jumps between several different frequencies within a band in a synchronization pattern known as a channels receiver and transmitter
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| fixed | a type of wireless system in which the locations of the transmitter and receiver are static
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| fixed | in a fixed connection the transmitting antenna focuses its energy directly toward the receiving antenna,point to point link.
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| geosynchronous orbit | a satellite that maintains a constant distance from a point on the equator at every point in its orbit
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| hot spot | an area covered by a wireless access point that provides visitors with wireless services
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| infrastructure WLAN | station communicates with an access point and not directly with each other
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| iwconfig | a command line utility for viewing and setting wireless interface parameters on LINUX and UNIX workstation
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| low earth orbiting | satellite that orbits the Earth with an altitude between 100 and 900 miles.cover a smaller geographical range than geo satellites and require less power
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| line of sight | a wireless signal that travels directly in a straight line from its transmitter to its intended receiver.uses the least amount of energy and has the clearest signal
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| medium earth orbiting | satellite that orbits the earth roughyly 6000 to 12000 miles above its surface
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| meo | satellites cover larger areas while using less power and less signal delay than geo satellites
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| multiple input multiple output | the ability for access points to issue multiple signals to stations,thereby multiplying the signals strength and increasing their range and data carrying range capacity
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| mobile | wireless system in which the receiver can be located anywhere within the transmitters range.allows the receiver to roam from one place to another while continuong to pick up the signal
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| multipath | the characteristic of wireless signals that follow a number of different paths to their destination
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| narrowband | a type of wireless transmission in which signals travel over a single frequency or within a specified frequency range
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| omnidirectionsl antenna | antenna that issues and receives wireless signals with equal strength and clarity in all directions
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| omnidirectional antenna | used when many different receivers must be able to pick up the signal
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| personal area network | a small home,network composed of personal communication devices
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| passive scanning | the process in which a station listens to several channels within a frequency range for a beacon issued by an access point
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| probe | a type of frame issued by a station during active scanning to find nearby access points
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| radiation pattern | the relative strength over a three dimensional area of all the electromagnetic energy an antenna sends or receives
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| range | the area in which signals issued from an antenna or wireless sytem can be consistently and accurrately received
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| reassociation | the process of a station establishing a connection with a different access point.
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| reflection | occurs when an electromagnetic wave encounters an obstacle and bounces back towards its source
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| reflection | a wireless signal will bounce off objects whose dimensions are latge compared to the signals average wavelength
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| roaming | the process that describers a station moving between bss without losing connectivity
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| request to send clear to send | an exchange in which wireless station requests the exclusive rights to communicate with an access point and the access point confirms that it has granted the request
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| satellite return | a type of satellite internet access in which a subscriber sends and receives data to and from the internet over the satellite link.
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| satellite return | symmetrical technology in which both upstream and downstream throughputs is higher
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| scanning | the process a wireless station undergoes to find an access point
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| scattering | the diffussion of a wireless signal that results from hitting an object that has smaller dimensions compared to the signals wavelength.
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| scattering | related to the roughness of the surface a wireless signal encounters
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| site survey | an assessment of client requirements,facility characteristics,and coverage areas to determine an access point arrangement that will ensure relilable wireless connectivity in a given area
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| spread spectrum | a type of wireless transmission in which lowered level signals are distributed over several frequencies simultaneously.more secure then narrowband
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| service set identifier | a unique character string used to identify an access point on an 802.11 network
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| station | an end node on a network
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| transponder | the equipment on a satellite that recives an uplinked signal from earth,amplifies the signal,modifies its frequency,then retransmits it in a downlink, to an antenna on earth
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| uplink | a connection from an earth based transmitter to an orbiting satellite
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| wireless | the signals made of electromagnetic energy that travels thru the atmosphere
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| wireless broadband | term used to describe the recently released standards for higher throughput,long distance digital data exchange over wireless connections.
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| wireless gateway | an access point that provides routing functions and is used as a gateway
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| wireless router | an access point that provides routing functions
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| wireless spectrum | a continuum of electromagnetic waves used for data and voice communications.waves are arranged from lowest to highest frequencies.
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| wireless LAN | a LAN that uses wireless connections for some or all of its transmissions
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