Terminology of asepsis and sterile technique
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| Asepsis | Absence of pathogenic microorganisms
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| Antiseptic | Substance commonly used on living tissue to inhibit the growth an reproduction of microbes to prevent infection
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| Aseptic technique | Methods practiced by the surgical team to prevent microbial contamination of the surgical environment
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| Bacteriocidal | Substance that destroys/kills bacteria
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| Bacteriostatic | Substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria
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| Bioburden | The number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time
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| Contamination | The presence of pathogenic materials
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| Cross-contamination | The contamination of a person or object by another
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| Decontamination | To reduce to an irreducible minimum the presence of pathogenic material
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| Disinfectant | Chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores; usually used on inanimate objects because these compounds are too strong to be used on living tissues
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| Event-related sterility | Sterility determined by how a package is handled rather than time elapsed; a package is considered sterile until opened or the integrity of packaging material is damaged
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| Fomite | Inanimate object that harbors fungus
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| Fungicide | Agent that destroys fungus
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| Infection | Invasion of the human body or tissue by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply, causing disease
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| Nosocomial | Infection acquired within a health care facility
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| Pathogen | Any microbe capable of causing disease
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| Resident flora | Microbes that normally reside below the skin surface or within the body
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| Sepsis | Infection, usually accompanied by fever, that results from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms
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| Spore | A resistant form of certain types of bacteria that are able to survive in adverse conditions
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| Sporicide | Substance that kills/destroys bacteria in the spore stage
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| Sterile | Having been rendered free of all living microorganisms, including spores
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| Sterile field | Specified area, usually the area immediately around the patient, that is considered free of microorganisms
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| Sterile technique | Techniques of creating a sterile field and performing within the sterile field to keep microbes at an irreducible minimum
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| Sterilization | The destruction of all microorganisms including spores, on inanimate surfaces through the use of steam or chemical sterilization, electron bombardment, or irradiation
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| Strike-through contamination | Contamination of a sterile field that occurs through the passage of fluid through, or a puncture in, a microbial barrier
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| Surgically clean | Mechanically cleaned and chemically disinfected, but not sterile
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| Terminal disinfection | To render items safe to handle by high-level disinfection
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| Terminal sterilization | To render items safe to handle by sterilization
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| Transient flora | Microbes that reside on skin surface and are easily removed
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| Vector | Living carrier that transmits disease
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| Virucide | Agent that destroys viruses
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