Lab Values for Dysphagia
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| Hemocrit (HCT) definition | % of red blood cells in whole blood
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| Hemocrit Decreased Value Indicative of | anemia, overhydration.
pt may exhibit SOB, fatigue, tachycardia, musc cramping
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| Hemocrit Increased value indicative of | dehydration, polycythemia (excess RBC)
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| Hemoglobin (HGB) definition | transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
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| Hemoglobin Decreased value indicative of | anemia
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| Hemoglobin Increased % value indicated of | dehydration, poor diet/nutrition, malabsorption, polycythemia (excess RBC)
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| White Blood Count (WBC) definition | lymphocytes and neutrophils. body's defense against infection
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| White Blood Count (WBC) decreased value | =leukopekia=unable to fight infection
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| White Blood Count (WBC) increased value | =leukocytosis= presence of an infection
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| Red Blood Count (RBC) definition | carries oxygen to tissues, transfers carbon dioxide to the lungs
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| Red Blood Count (RBC) decreased value | iron deficiency, b6/b12 /folic acid deficiency, chronic disease, hereditary anemia, toxic metals
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| Red Blood Count (RBC) increased value | chronic respiratory insufficiency, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, living in a higher altitude, adrenal cortical hyperfunction
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| Blood Glucose definition | from digestion of carbohydrates and the conversion of glycogen by the liver, primary source of energy for most cells
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| Blood Glucose decreased level | erratic heartbeat, dizziness, confusion
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| Blood Glucose increased level | nausea, dry/warm skin, excessive thirst, confusion
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| Electrolytes: Sodium definition | maintains osmotic pressure and acid-base balance, functions to transmit nerve impulses
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| Electrolytes: Sodium above OR below normal range | mental status changes, cognitive issues
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| Electrolytes: Potassium definition | maintains osmotic pressure/acid-based balance; involved in nerve/muscle action
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| Electrolytes: Potassium decreased levels | confusion, weakness, arm/leg muscle cramps, cardiac irregularities
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| Electrolytes: Potassium increased levels | nausea, irreg heartbeat, slow pulse
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| Liver Enzymes: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (SGOT) definition | enzyme found in liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, muscles
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| Liver Enzymes: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (SGOT) increased levels: | mononucleosis, alcoholism, kidney infection, liver disease, myocardial infarction
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| Liver Enzymes: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT) | enzyme found in liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, muscles (same as alanine..)
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| Liver Enzymes: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT) increased levels- | infection, liver disease, myocardial infarction
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| Liver Enzymes: Ammonia definition | when protein is broken down by bacteria in intestines, then liver converts ammonia into urea, then eliminated in urine
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| Liver Enzymes: Ammonia- when do they rise/increased levels= | rise when the liver is not able to convert. Liver disease, may cause encephalopathy, hyper-reflexic muscle action; rigidity
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| Nitrogen elements: Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN definition | product of protein metabolism in the liver and its concentration is determined by the rate of excretion by the kidneys
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| Nitrogen elements: Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN increased levels | kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, heart failure. pt may exhibit nausea, vomiting, swelling, fatigue, metallic taste
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| Nitrogen elements: Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN decreased levels | due to poor diet, malabsorption, liver damage, low nitrogen intake, pt may exhibit trouble concentrating, dizziness, mid-back pain.
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| Nitrogen elements: Creatinine definition | waste product of muscle metabolism, level reflects the body's muscle mass
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| Nitrogen elements: Creatinine increased level | caused by kidney disease, certain drugs, muscle degeneration
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| Nitrogen elements: Creatinine decreased level | due to kidney damage, protein starvation, liver disease, pregnancy, pt may exhibit decreased concentration and s/s of kidney dysfunction
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| Nitrogent elements: Albumin definition | major component of serum protein, assists in osmotic pressure regulation, nutrient transport, waste removal
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| Nitrogen elements: Albumin increased levels | RARE. typically due to dehydration
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| Nitrogen elements: Albumin decreased levels | indicate poor diet, fever, infection, liver disease, 3rd degree burns, edema
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| Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) definition | analysis used to determine a pt's oxygenation status, acid base balance. for the body to fx normally, pH must be in neutral range
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| ABG too acidic/alkalytic | body's systems are negatively affected, resulting in symptoms like resp distress, dysrhythmias, confusion, headache, muscle spasms. CHANGES RAPIDLY IN MED FRAGILE PTs.
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