Biology 191 Lect. 5 - Biology 191 Lecture 5, Exam 1 Study
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| show | speciation
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| microevolution | show 🗑
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| show | evolutionary change above species level, differential speciation, mass extinction
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| speciation | show 🗑
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| show | Ernst Mayr - defines species as "groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups"
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| show | cannot be directly applied to <br /> - asexual organisms <br /> - fossils <br /> - organisms about which little is known regarding their reproduction
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| show | Morphological - species is defined on basis of being sufficiently morphologically (anatomically distinct from others) <br /> - Paleontological - focused on morphologically discreet species known only from fossil record<br /> - Phylogenetic - common ancest
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| Stages in speciation process: be able to recognize correct sequence | show 🗑
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| Geography of speciation: allopatric versus parapatric versus sympatric speciation | show 🗑
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| show | - emergence of geographic barrier that divides previously continuous population <br /> - evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms between populations that are geographically separate (ex: formation of grand canyon w squirrels, Panama isthus)
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| show | rare dispersl event results in colonization of isolated habitat (i.e. offshore islands) ex (galapagos finches, hawaiian drosophila)
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| Secondary contact, reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | species in sympatry show greater differences in mating-stage isolating mechanisms than same species in allopatry (see images)
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| show | species along side, occours in absence of obvious geographic barrier, may occur when sharp environ. discontinuity developes (ex. plants grow in mine tailings flower at different times than plants growing in surrounding pastures in wales)
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| show | speciation without geographic separation. Fairly common in plants
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| show | duplication of combination of chromosomes from different species
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| speciation - autopolyploidy | show 🗑
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| show | one set of chromosomes
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| Apple maggot fly as example of sympatric speciation in animals | show 🗑
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| show | - before fertilization<br /><br />- mechanisms that impede mating between species or hinder fertilization of ova if members of different species do mate
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| Postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms: know definition and recognize examples | show 🗑
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| Haldane’s rule (of speciation): what is it and what is evidence for it | show 🗑
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