terminology and definitions related to head and spine injuries
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| Pairs of nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae, twelve pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord, and all of the body's other motor and sensory nerves. | peripheral nervous system
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| Mild closed head injury without detectable change to the brain. | concussion
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| Body system that is divided into two subsystems and that provides overall controlof thought, sensation, and the voluntary and involuntary motor functions of the body. | nervous system
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| Cheek bone, zygomatic bone. | malar
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| Bony bump on a vertebra that you can feel on a person's back. | spinous process
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| Bones of the spinal column. | vertebrae
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| Movable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bones; TM joint. | temporomandibular joint
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| Bony structure making up the forehead, top, back, and upper sides of the skull. | cranium
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| Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. | cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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| Bruised brain caused when a forced blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessels. | contusion
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| Brain and the spinal cord. | central nervous system
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| Bones that form part of the sides of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. | temporal bones
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| Bones that form the upper third (bridge) of the nose. | nasal bones
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| Bony structures (sockets) around the eyes. | orbits
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| Nervous system that consists of nerves that control involuntary functions such as the heartbeat and breathing. | autonomic nervous system
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| Function of the spinal column. | to protect the spinal cord
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| How many vertebrae are in the spine? | 33
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| A bruise behind the ear is called | Battle's sign
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| Discoloration of the soft tissues under both of the eyes is called | raccoon's eyes
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| Signs and symptoms of a skull or brain injury include: | blood or fluid flowing from the ears and/or nose, altered mental status, unequal pupils
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| Is temperature increase an early or late sign of brain or skull injury? | late sign
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| Why is an increase in carbon dioxide significant to the injured brain? | it causes brain tissue swelling
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| A patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale of less than ___ is taken to a trauma center. | 8
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| If an object has penetrated a patient's skull, the EMT-B should... | stabilize the object with bulky dressings.
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| The primary concern for emergency care of a facial fracture or jaw injury is the | patient's airway
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| Two types of vertebrae most frequently injured are: | cervical and lumbar
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| An unconscious trauma patient should be treated as if she has a potential | spine injury
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| The most reliable sign of a spinal cord injury in a conscious patient is | paralysis of the extremeties
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| When assessing a spine injured patient, you notice a reversal of the normal breathing pattern. This is likely a result of damage to nerves that control the | rib cage
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| If a patient is found on his back with his arms extended above his head, it may indicate this type of injury. | cervical
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| If a suspected spine injured person complains of pain when you attempt to place their head in a neutral in-line position, you should | steady the head in the position found.
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| If a stable patient is found in a sitting position on the ground and complains of back pain, the EMT-B should: | immobilize with a short spine board or extrication vest
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| The rapid extrication method is used to: | remove a patient from an unsafe scene, when more seriously injured patients must be assessed, to move a high-priority patient.
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| When you immobilize a child age 6 or younger on a long blackboard, where should you put padding? | between the shoulder blades
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| Correct order for applying a short spine immobilization device, 4 steps. | position device behind patient, secure device to patient's torso, evaluate torso fixation and pad behind neck as necessary, secure patient's head to device
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| Prior to and after immobilization, the EMT-B should assess | pulses, motor function, and sensation in all extremities
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