Genes and Health
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How do gases such as oxygen cross the walls of the alveoli in to the blood system. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Large surface area of the alveoli, Numerous capillaries around the alveoli and Thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries meaing a short distance between the alveolar air and blood in the capillaries.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Surface Area; as it increases the rate of diffusion increases, Concentration gradient; greater the concentration gradient, the faster the diffusion.Thickness of gas exchange surface; thicker the surface, the slower the diffusion. Ensure Rapid diffusion.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rate of Diffusion = SA X Difference in Conc/ Thickness of Gas Exchange Surface.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 20.
🗑
|
||||
| Draw a structure of the Amino Acid. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The sequence of Amino Acids in a polypeptide chain joined by a peptide bond
🗑
|
||||
| show | A bond between amino acids formed by the loss of water in a condensation reaction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Interactions between the Polypeptide chains cause the chain to twist and fold into 3D shape. A-helix/Beta Pleated sheet where within Hydrogen bonding occur; between the C=O and NH; holding the parallel chains.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Tertiary Structure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | They are polar and attract other polar molecules like water therefore Hydrophillic. Some parts are Non-polar therefore Hydrophobic and therefore they are arranged so they face inside of the Protein.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Primary structure position/sequence of the amino acids / R groups determines the positioning of the bonds / folding
Solubility
Polar/Hydrophilic on the outside of
enzymes / Non polar /Hydrophobic on the
inside
🗑
|
||||
| show | Two or more polypeptide chains held together by Hydrogen bonds. For example Haemoglobin.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a conjugated protein? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Globular and Fibrous.
🗑
|
||||
| What are Globular proteins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are Fibrous proteins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Is when all the molecules are arranges so that the Hydrophobic tails are inside the Bilayer. As cells are filled with watery/aqueous cytoplasm and tissue fluid. Avoids Hydrophobic fatty tails being in contact with the water
🗑
|
||||
| What does the Phospholipid contain? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the properties of a Phospholipid? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why do they form a Bilayer? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why do they form a Fluid Mosaic Model? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does a Fluid mosaic model contain? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the 4 different evidence's for the Fluid Mosaic Model. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It would become more fluid, as there are more kinks therefore it prevents them from packing closely together.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Diffusion? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | High to Low concentration until equilibrium has reached.
Hydrophillic molecules or ions; through a Carrier Protein &Channel Protein. Passive.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Channel: Filled with Water filled pores, different for transporting different molecules. Specific shape that permits the passage of particular ion or molecule.
Carrier:Ion/molecule binds to spec site. Protein changes shape and Ion/molecule passes through
🗑
|
||||
| What is Osmosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is Active Transport? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Release of substances from the cell as vesicles fuse with cell membrane. E.g. Insulin 2. Substances are taken into a cell by the creation of a vesicle, Cell membrane engulfs material. E.g. cholestrol and WBC. Bulk Transport.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if they're are excess water? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens if they're too little water in the mucus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CFTR Channel cannot function properly.
Different Amino Acid sequence on defective CFTR protein
Change in protein, the role of protein in transporting Cl ions,X move out of cells .
Na ions move in, Water X move out of cells osmosis.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mucus thicker,thickened mucus X be moved out by cilia/coughing
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mucus blocks pancreatic duct in pancreas
Enzymes X be secreted - small intestine Reduced digestion of food
Reduced absorption ,malnutrition/weightloss
Self-digestion of pancreatic cells / problems controlling blood sugar level/cysts/Fibroid
High met
🗑
|
||||
| Explain how cystic fibrosis affects gas exchange? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Female have reduced chance - pregnant; mucus plug develops in cervix; stops sperm from reaching egg
Males lack vas deferens on both sides; sperm can't leave testes. It can become partially blocked by thick sticky mucus layer; fewer sperm are present.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Globular Proteins that act as biological catalysts. Speed up chemical reactions. Three- dimensional shape includes a depression on surface- Active Site; binds to spec substrate. Reduce Activation Energy and remain unchanged.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lock and Key Theory- Spec molecule can fit into active site. Substrate molecule form temp bonds with Amino acids to produce ASC.
Each enzyme will only catalyse one spec reaction; one shape will fit the site.
🗑
|
||||
| How do Enzymes work? [2] | show 🗑
|
||||
| How do Enzymes work? [3] | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specific shape of the enzyme's active site and comp structure- Electrically charged groups on surfaces interact. Attraction may distort shape of substrate & assist breaking of bonds and form new bonds.Or acidic side chains-provide condition for reaction.
🗑
|
||||
| How to measure Rate of reaction? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | DNA contains the genetic code which dictates all the inherited characteristics of an organism.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a gene? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a genome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does DNA stand for? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Three molecules linked together by condensation reactions; Deoxyribose, Phosphate group and Organic base. Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine. ACGT.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two chains of nucleotides held by? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the genetic code? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Each adjacent group of 3 bases
🗑
|
||||
| show | A copy of the DNA, which can leave the nucleus towards the cytoplasm; to make proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the difference between DNA and RNA? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Messnger RNA, Transfer RNA and Ribosomal RNA.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Transcription and Translation.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Transciption? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is Transcription? [2] | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | - Takes place on Ribosomes
- tRNA carrying the Amino Acid has 3 bases called anticodon and these pair with Complementary bases on the mRNS codon.
- Joins by Peptide bond.
🗑
|
||||
| show | - DNA double helix unwinds and H bonds break
- Free nucleotide line up alongside each DNA strand
- Enzyme DNA polymerase linkes adj molecules to form Comp strand.
🗑
|
||||
| show | DNA from E-Coli,grown in medium with heavy isotope,15N(Denser)moved to 14N. New nucleotides were light, they allowed bacteria to divide & DNA to replicate. Extracted & centrifuged DNA. Medium DNA, in middle; contains heavy & light nucleotides.
🗑
|
||||
| show | When genetic code is copied,mistakes can be made in new base sequence.Can be passed onto future generations. If it occurs within a gene & new base triplet that codes for a stop signal or different amino acid; protein formed may be faulty.Genetic Disorder.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mutation in gene;codes for 1 of the polypeptide chains in haemoglobin.mRNA is GUA than GAA. Protein;non-polar AA valine than Glutamic acid. Haemoglobin-less soluble.Oxygen is low,form long fibres;stick together;distorts shape. Half moon cells carry less o
🗑
|
||||
| What is a mutation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mutation in gene;codes for 1 of the polypeptide chains in haemoglobin.mRNA is GUA than GAA. Protein;non-polar AA valine than Glutamic acid. Haemoglobin-less soluble.Oxygen is low,form long fibres;stick together;distorts shape. Half moon cells carry less o
🗑
|
||||
| What is a locus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is an allele? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | g
🗑
|
||||
| What is Phenotype? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a Dominant allele? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | m
🗑
|
||||
| What is Monohybrid Inheritance? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is Beta Thalassaemia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Albinism, Phenyketonuria and Sickle Cell Anaemia.
🗑
|
||||
| What other plant's charcateritic is determined by one gene e.g. whether plants are tall or short, seeds are smooth or wrinkled? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the treatments for Cystic Fibrosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Describe the process of Gene therapy. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Gene Therapy [2] | show 🗑
|
||||
| How genes are inserted using viruses? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1.Copy of Normal allele,inserted into a loop of DNA (plasmid)
2.Plasmids combined with liposomes.
3.+ charged head groups of Phospholipids combine with DNA,form a liposome DNA complex
4.Aerosol;nebuliser
5.Fuse with epithelial cells & carry DNA into c
🗑
|
||||
| show | As it could affect future generations.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Genetic testing; identifying abnormal gene in the DNA.Where cells are extracted from cheek cells, white blood cells or cells from foetus/embryo. DNA is tested to see if it contains the known base sequences for the mutation.
🗑
|
||||
| How can Genetic Testing also help? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Amniotic fluid removed from amniotic sac of
mother
Fetal/embryonic cells present in amniotic
fluid fetal / embryonic cells needed
DNA can be analysed
To detect defective gene in sample
🗑
|
||||
| show | Placental tissue removed from womb of
mother
Fetal cells present in placenta/ placental
tissue / chorionic tissue / fetal cells needed
DNA can be analysed
To detect defective gene(s) in sample
🗑
|
||||
| Discuss Ethical and Social implications towards Genetic testing? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is PIGD? | show 🗑
|
||||
| State 4 ethical frameworks for the genetic screening and abortion. | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does Genetic counselling help? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | -Walls of alveoli,one cell thick
-Walls of blood capillaries, one cell thick
-Alveoli covered with dense network of capillaries
-Concentration gradients maintained by blood flow
-Large Surface Area, by Alveoli
-Oxygen combines rapidly with Haemoglob
🗑
|
||||
| show | R group-chemical side chain:different for every amino acid.
-POLAR:Electrons shared unevenly,attracts other polar molecules,Hydrophillic.Fold so the polar parts are on the the outside. Non Polar R groups, Hydrophobic;face inside.+ Sulfur, Disulfide bond.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the three-dimensional (tertiary) structure of an enzyme | show 🗑
|
||||
| Explain how the primary structure of an enzyme determines its three-dimensional (tertiary) structure and its properties. | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
pri_
Popular Biology sets