Cancer Medications
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| What is the primary symptom for 70% of cancers? | Pain
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| What class of drugs is most used to control advanced cancer pain? | Narcotic opiods
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| What antineaoplastic drugs are used in autoimmune disorders such a sarthritis? | cyclophosphamide, methotrexate
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| What new antineoplastic formulas are encapsulated in a lipid membrane thus have less toxicity with greater efficacy? | daunorubicin, doxorubicin
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| What normal, healthy, rapidly replicating cells do antineoplastics target in addition to cancer? | *GI *Oral cavity *Bone marrow *Hair follicles *Gonads *Lymph tissue
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| True or False: The action of antineoplastic medications are limited to neoplastic cells. | False. Many affect DNA synthesis or function; others alter immune function or affect hormonal status.
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| What are examples of enzyme antineoplastic drugs? | *asparaginase (Elspar) *imatinib (Gleevac) *pegaspargaseOncaspar, PEG-L-asparaginase)
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| What are examples of enzyme inhibitor antineoplastic drugs? | *irinotecan (Camptosar) *topotecan (Hycamtin)
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| What are examples of antiestrogen antineoplastic drugs? | *tamoxifen (Nolvadex, Tamofen) *toremifene (Fareston)
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| What are examples of aromatase inhibitor antineoplastic drugs? | *anastrazole (Arimidex) *letrozole (Femara)
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| What is an examples of a kinase inhibitor antineoplastic drug? | imatinib (Gleevac)
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| What are the contraindications of antineoplastic drugs? | *Previous bone marrow depression or hypersensitivity *Pregnancy and lactation
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| What are the precautions of antineoplastic drugs? | *Active infections *Decreased bone marrow reserve *Radiation therapy *Other debilitating illnesses *Childbearing potential
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| List 5 common side effects of antineoplastic drugs: | *CNS: memory loss *EENT: tinnitus, ototoxicity *CV: cardiotoxicity *GI: N/V/D, Constipation, anorexia *GU: Nephrotoxicity *Hemat: Anemia, Decreased RBC WBC Platelets. *Other: Pain, alopecia
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| What drugs increase the toxicity of methotrexate? | other nephrotoxic drugs or larger doses of aspirin or NSAIDs
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| A patient on your ward will be recieving antineoplastic medications this AM. As an LPN you know you need what to administer these medications? | Nurses must receive specialized training prior to administering antineoplastic agents
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| What is the dosage of antineoplastic medications often based on? | Patients weight
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| Cancer patients must recieve hydration from how much I.V. fluid before recieving antineoplastic drugs? | 1-2 liters
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| When are IM injections and rectal temperatures avoided in the cancer patient? | If platelet count is low
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| How long must pressue be applied to venipuncture sites in cancer PTs? | 10 min
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| What is the normal value for neutrophils? | 3000-7000/mm3
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| What is the neutrophil count thats considered neutropenia? | <1000/mm3
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| What is the neutrophil count thats considered severe neutropenia? | <500/mm3
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| If a cancer PT is suffering severe neutropenia, what must be done? | *VS q4h, notify physician if temperature starts to rise *Fresh flowers and live plants are discouraged *Monitor diet: fresh fruits and vegetables to be avoided *Hold doses of chemotherapy until neutrophil levels return to normal
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| What medication is administered to minimize reactions to monoclonal antibodies? | methylprednisolone sodium succinate
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| What must be worn while handling antineoplastic medications? | Wear gloves, gown, and mask
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| True or False: Since most antineoplastic drugs do not cross the placental barrier, they are not a danger to pregnant women. | False. They DO cross the placental bearrier and are considered teratogenic. Advise patient to inform health care professional immediately if pregnancy is suspected.
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| True or False: Due to the immunosuppressive effects of antineoplastic drugs, the PT must get vaccinated often against a wide range of pathogens while recieving them. | False. Many vaccinations are composed of live cultures. Advise PT to consult health care provider before recieving vaccinations.
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| List 4 classifications of chemotherapy drugs: | *Antimetabolites *Alkylating agents *Antibiotic antitumor agents *Mitotic inhibitors *Hormones *Antihormones *Corticosteroids
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