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Patient protection

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
characteristics of radiation risks   show
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Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) Committe VII risk model for exposure to low-level radiation   show
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Important for patient safety   show
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show single most important factor in keeping patient dose to a minumum, only tissues of diagnostic interest should be iradiated -reduces pt dose, reduces production of scattered radiation, improves quality of image  
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Beam restrictor types   show
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Collimator   show
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Aperture diaphragm   show
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Cone/cylinder -used for relatively small field size (paranasal sinuses)   show
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show have a fixed opening size, only one field size at a given distance  
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show controls quantity, no affect on quality  
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show controls quality, affects quantity  
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NCRP guideline for manual collimation must be within _____ of the SID.   show
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show sensors located in Bucky tray or other IR holder signal the collimator to open or close accordingly to the IR size being used, will provide a small unexposed border on all sides of the finished image -required by the NCRP to be withi  
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show -required by the NCRP to be within 3% of SID for a single side and within 4% of SID for all 4 sides  
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NCRP guidelines for manual collimation   show
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Collimator assembly-light localization apparatus   show
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T/F For the x-ray light field and x-ray field to correspond accurately, the x-ray tube focal spot and the light bulb must be exactly the same distance from teh center of the mirror.   show
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exposure factors for patient safety   show
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Three-phase or high frequency generators   show
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Inherent filtration   show
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Filtration summary   show
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show gones, lens, blood-froming organs  
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show all women under 55, all men under 65  
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Gonad shielding   show
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show -when diagnostic objectives permit -when pt is of reasonable reproductive age -when gonads lie in or within 5 cm of the collimated field  
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show effective for gonads, shaped to enclose male reproductive organs, held in place by disposable briefs, effective for oblique, erect, and fluro exams  
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Shadow shields   show
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Mammography equipment with a molybdenum target has how much filtration?   show
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show beryllium-low atomic number (4)  
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show thin sheets of aluminum that are added, collimator and its mirror  
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Why use PA instead of AP chest or spine?   show
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show True -place radiosensitive organs away from the entrance beam  
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show Skull, chest, abdomen, scoliosis series, spine  
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good communication   show
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lead aprons during fluoro   show
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show length of the shortest exposure possible with a particular AEC  
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show needs fixed or will have excess density -preferable to decrease ma, but may decrease kV  
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show film/screen radiography -four times faster than calcium tungstate phosphors  
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Advantage of digital fluoro   show
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grids   show
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air-gap technique   show
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show linearity and reproducibility  
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linearity   show
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show consistency in exposure output during repeated exposures at a particular setting, any variation in output intensity must not exceed 5%  
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High ratio grids with low kV   show
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show decreases positioning latitude  
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show used in mobile radiography, more positioning latitude  
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show up to 90 kV  
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show 100 kV or more  
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10:1 or 12:1 grid used in what type of equipment?   show
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show False. They require more exposure.  
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show -decrease length of exposure -use last image hold -keep pt as close to II as possible -use automatic brightness control setting with high kV, low mA -minimize "boost" and "mag" modes, low pulse rate -collimate to smallest field of view  
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show -use lowest practical pulse rate -change tube angle or patient position to spread dose over larger area  
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NCRP guidelines for x-ray tube housing leakage   show
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Source-Skin distance for all radiographic procedures (NCRP)   show
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show fewer than 10 R/min  
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Where should the focal spot location be indicated? (NCRP)   show
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How often should intensifying screens be cleaned and checked? (NCRP)   show
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show dead-man switch  
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show RT should be able to see and communicate with the patient at all times  
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show national council on radiation protection and measurements  
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show reduce patient skin dose  
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Created by: mmarnold2