most efficient, attached to tube head, first set of shutters placed close to x-ray tube port window to control amt of image degrading "off-focus" radiation leaving tube, lead shutters (two adjustable)for length and width
8:1 grid good for what kV range?
up to 90 kV
good communication
helps gain patient's trust and confidence with a thorough explanation
lead aprons during fluoro
placed under patient
Shadow shields
leaded material casts a shadow within the illuminated field that corresponds to shielded area, inially expensive but one time expense, can be used without contacting sterile fields, NOT TO BE USED IN FLUORO.
High ratio grids with low kV
BAD, discouraged because of unnecessary exposure required
Aperture diaphragm
elementary -dedicated chest, dental unit, trauma imaging equipment -flat piece of lead having a central opening with a size and shape that determines the size and shape of x-ray beam
(NCRP) How visible should the patient be to the radiographer?
RT should be able to see and communicate with the patient at all times
Reproducibility
consistency in exposure output during repeated exposures at a particular setting, any variation in output intensity must not exceed 5%
