Bio Midterm
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Rank ionic, hydrogen, polar covalent, and non polar covalent bonds in terms of their bond strength from weakest to strongest. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. proceed toward equilibrium
2. require a catalyst
3. take place in watery environments
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| show | 1. kinetic energy
2. heat energy
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| An element's atomic____is a relative measure of its protons and neutrons, while its atomic____is solely reflective of its protons. | show 🗑
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| show | proton
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| Which two particles make up the majority of the mass of an atom? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. carbon
2. hydrogen
3. oxygen
4. nitrogen
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| What is the primary difference between a bacterium and an amoeba with respect to the general type of cell they are? | show 🗑
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| What is the primary difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote reguard to structure? | show 🗑
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| True or False? The cells in leg muscle of a poison dart frog contain mitochondria that convert glucose to ATP, giving off CO2. Likewise, the cells in the leaf of a palm plant have mitochondria to break down glucose and these also release CO2. | show 🗑
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| show | oxidative phosphorylation
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| show | is composed of multiple amino acids
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| show | mitochondrial matrix
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| A hole about the size of a molecule of CO2 is punctured through the outer membrane of a mitochondrion and remains there. The effect on this mitochondrion will be________. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | 1. Can be supported through experimentation and data analysis
2. Is a statement which provides an answer to an experimental question
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| Central dogma of life A) DNA is transcribed into mRNA within the cell nucleus of eukaryotes. B) mRNA is translated into a protein via the action of the ribosome. C) mRNA is transcribed in the cytoplasm for prokaryotic organisms. D) DNA,RNA,PROTEIN E) | show 🗑
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| Fermentation includes the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate. | show 🗑
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| show | NAD+, NADH, ATP, CO2 , pyruvate
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| show | carbon
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| show | 1. atom
2. elements
3. molecules
4. compunds
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| 4 possible components from within the level of a single cell | show 🗑
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| catabolic | show 🗑
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| show | building of compounds
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| show | double ring
1. adenine
2. guanine
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| show | single ring
1. thymine
2. cytosine
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| 3 domains of life | show 🗑
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| show | 1. the breaking down of molecules
2. no energy required
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| anabolism | show 🗑
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| 1st law of thermodynamics | show 🗑
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| show | the transfer of energy increases entropy
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| spontaneous processes | show 🗑
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| show | 1. require energy
2. decrease stability
3. decrease entropy
4. anabolic
5. endergoinc
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| free energy | show 🗑
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| oxidation of glucose | show 🗑
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| show | 1. catabolic
2. decrease in free energy
3. exergonic
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| synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | 1. the breakdown of phosphate bonds
2. exergonic
3. catabolic
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| show | 1. removing a water molecule
2. exergoinc
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| phosphorylated | show 🗑
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| show | reactants
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| cofactor | show 🗑
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| show | cofactors, but are organic
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| show | 1. ph levels
2. temperature
3. salinity
4. organic solvents
5. cofactors
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| show | other substrates can bind at the enzyme/s active site to reduce the productivity
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| show | substances bind to an ezyme at somewhere other than the active site and will enzyme structure and functionality
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| show | the product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway, thus preventing the overaccumulation of the product
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| show | a molecule can bind noncovalently and affect the function of the active site. The binding of a molecule to an allosteric site causes a conformational change in the enzyme that inhibits its catalytic function.
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| oxidation | show 🗑
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| reduction | show 🗑
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| show | 1. the electron that is removed from oxidation moves to another molecule, becomes reduced
2. TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS
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| chemiosmosis | show 🗑
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| cellular respiration | show 🗑
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| show | 1. proteins
2. carbohydrates
3. fats
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| show | NAD+
1. electron acceptor important in redox reactions
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| show | enzymes that removes two hydrogens from organic molecules
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| NADH | show 🗑
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| show |
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| cellular respiration | show 🗑
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| glycolysis | show 🗑
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| show | 1. mitochondrial matrix
2.transfers energy from NADH
3. needs oxygen
4.converted to a molecule acetyl COA
5. production of 2 NADH
6. results in a modified acetate molecule enters krebs cycle
7. free energy transferred to NADH->ETC
8. 6 NADH, 2 FADH
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| show | 1. inner membrane space of the mitocondria
2.majority of ATP is synthesized here
3. required oxygen
4. uses NADH and FADH2
5. the elctros in NADH enter the chain called flavoprotein m 3 ATP per NADH
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| mitochondira has two membranes | show 🗑
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| show | pumps H+, high conc. in space
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| outer membrane is not permeable to H+ | show 🗑
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| show |
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| phosphate transferred from PEP to ADP=PYRUVATE | show 🗑
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| show | alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
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| show |
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| show |
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| Primary active transport | show 🗑
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| Secondary active transport | show 🗑
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| Peripheral membrane proteins | show 🗑
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| transmembrane protein | show 🗑
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| show | lipid molecule that is covalently attached to an amino acid side chain within the protein.
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| simple diffusion | show 🗑
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| show | same as simple diffusion but needs a membrane
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| show | requires the transport or carrier protein, help transport different sizes
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| osmosis | show 🗑
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| hypertonic | show 🗑
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| hypotonic | show 🗑
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| isotonic | show 🗑
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| show | a channel protein that allows facilitated diffusion of water across the bilayer
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| show | allows facilitated diffusion of solute across membrane
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| active transport | show 🗑
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| exocytosis | show 🗑
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| endocytosis | show 🗑
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| show |
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| The physician determines that the patient has a dangerously low blood pH (acidemia) of pH=7.0. | show 🗑
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| In living organisms, most enzymes, biologically active molecules, specific cells, or even cellular compartments within cells (such as the lysosome) can each function effectively over a broad range of pH values, from very acidic to very basic. | show 🗑
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| water molecule is involved in the breaking apart of other molecules aka __. In a__, water molecules are removed when monomers combine to form a growing polymer. For example, the binding of monomers of glucose and fructose results in sucrose, a__ | show 🗑
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| DNA structure | show 🗑
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| show | 1.mRNA
2. polypeptide
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| show | plasma membrane
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| show | 1. The ribosome is not translating the mRNA strand into a protein
2. a DNA mutation in the gene for this protein prevents proper transcription.
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| Protein sorting mechanisms can direct polypeptides emerging from a ribosome to remain in the cytosol, enter the endoplasmic reticulum and then go to the Golgi, or to go directly from the cytosol to an organelle like the chloroplast. | show 🗑
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| show | hydrogen
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| phosphodiester bonds | show 🗑
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| plasma membrane | show 🗑
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| super cold | show 🗑
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| membrane synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | 1. facilitated diffusion through a channel protein
2. active transport through a pump
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| show | 1. transport proteins
2. phospholipid bilayer
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| wrinkly hands and bath | show 🗑
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| Which of the following best describes the selective uptake of specific cargo molecules into the cell, through receptor binding and aggregation? | show 🗑
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| show | exocytosis
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| Taken together, the first and second laws of thermodynamics predict that | show 🗑
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| The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by noncompetitively inhibiting the binding of s substrate to the active site of an enzyme within the metabolic pathway | show 🗑
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| when oxygen is utilized to synthesize ATP | show 🗑
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| oxidative phosphorylation uses | show 🗑
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| difference between fermentation and cellular respiration | show 🗑
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| show | the ph of the matrix increases
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| show | 1. ATP
2. heat
3. CO2
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| show | yeilds ATP, NADH, and FADH2
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| Which compound has the highest free energy and produces the most ATP when oxidized? | show 🗑
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| ATP made during glycolysis is generated by | show 🗑
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| show | They pass through a mitochondrial protein channel into the intermembrane space, and are then transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane coupled with the diffusion of H+ ions down their concentration gradient
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| primary metabolism | show 🗑
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| show | produce compounds that are not necessesary for growth and reproduction
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| show |
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| covalent | show 🗑
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| carbon and hydrogen combine together to make a nonpolar covalent bond | show 🗑
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| unequal sharing of electrons | show 🗑
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| show | 1. covalent bond
2. tertiary structure
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| show | false
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| show |
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| glycoprotein composition does not efefct fluidity | show 🗑
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| which would move throught the bilaryer the easiest | show 🗑
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