Biology 2401 Tissues and Itegumentary system
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| show | Tissues
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| Four primary tissue types. | show 🗑
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| show | Epithelial tissue or Epithelium.
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| Epithelial tissue occurs in the body as ____ and ___. | show 🗑
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| show | covering and lining epithelium
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| show | glandular epithelium
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| Polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, and regeneration are the special characteristics of ____ tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | simple epithelia and stratified epithelia
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| What are the three common shapes of epithelial cells. | show 🗑
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| show | simple epithelia
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| ____ composed of two or more cell layers stacked one on top of the other, are common in high-abrasion areas where protection is important, such as the skin surface and lining of the mouth. | show 🗑
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| show | squamous cells
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| show | cuboidal cells
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| __are tall and column shape. | show 🗑
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| show | simple squamous epithelium
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| ____ provides a slick, friction-reducing lining in lympathic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system--blood vessels and the heart. | show 🗑
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| show | Mesothelium
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| ____ consist of a single layer of cells as tall as they are wide. The important function of this are secretion and absorption. | show 🗑
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| ____ is seen as a single layer of tall, closely packed cells, aligned like soldiers in a row. They are mostly associated with absorption and secretion, and the digestive tract lining has two distinct modification that make it ideal for the dual function. | show 🗑
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| show | Simple squamous epithelium: air sacs of lungs; simple cuboidal epithelium: kidney tubules; Simple columnar epithelium: intestines or digestive tracts; Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: trachea
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| ____ is the most widespread of the stratified epithelia. Composed of several layers, it is thick and well suited for its protective role in the body. | show 🗑
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| ____ is quite rare in the body, mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands). | show 🗑
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| ____also has a limited distribution in the body. small amounts are found in the pharynx, the male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts. | show 🗑
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| ____ forms the lining of hollow urinary organs, which stretch as they fill with urine. | show 🗑
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| show | stratified squamous epitheliun: Esophagus, mouth and vagina; Transitional epithelium: Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra.
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| A ___ consist of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. This product called a ____, is an aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins but there is variation. | show 🗑
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| show | endocrine glands
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| show | exocrine glands
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| show | unicellular exocrine glands
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| ___ are structurally more complex. They have two basic parts: an epithelium derived duct and a secretory unit (acinus) consisting of secretory cells. | show 🗑
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| ____ is found everywhere in the body. It is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues, but its amount in particular organs varies. | show 🗑
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| show | connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, and blood.
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| show | binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation.
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| common characteristics of connective tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | ground substance, and fibers.
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| Types of fibers. | show 🗑
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| ____ is the unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers. | show 🗑
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| ____ are extremely tough and provide high tensile strength to the matrix. | show 🗑
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| show | elastic fibers
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| ___ are short, fine, collagenous fibers with a slightly different chemistry and form. | show 🗑
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| show | connective tissue proper-fibroblast, cartilage-chondroblast, bone-osteoblast, and blood-hematopoietic stem cells.
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| show | mast cells and macrophages.
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| show | mast cells
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| show | macrophages
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| show | Mesenchyme; mesenchymal cells
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| show | loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.
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| Three types of loose connective tissue. | show 🗑
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| Three types of dense connective tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | areolar connective tissue
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| show | fibroblasts
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| When a body region is inflamed, the areolar tissue in the area soaks up excess fluids like a sponge, and the affected area swells and becomes puffy, a condition called ___. | show 🗑
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| ___ is similar to areolar tissue in structure and function, but its nutrient-storing ability is much greater. | show 🗑
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| show | adipocytes
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| show | Reticular connective tissue; reticular cells
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| ____ contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull. | show 🗑
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| With its enormous tensile strength, dense regular connective tissue forms the ___, which are cords that attach muscles to bones, and flat sheetlike tendons called ____ that attach muscles to other muscles or to bones. | show 🗑
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| show | dense irregular connective tissue
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| show | Cartilage
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| The firmness of the cartilage matrix prevents the cells from becoming widely separated, so ____, or mature cartilage cells, are typically found in small groups within cavities called lacunae. | show 🗑
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| show | Hyaline cartilage
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| Three types of cartilage. | show 🗑
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| ___ is nearly identical to hyaline cartilage. Found where strength and exceptional stretchability are needed, it forms the skeletons of the ear and the epiglottis. | show 🗑
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| show | fibrocartilage
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| show | Bones or osseous tissue
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| Mature bone cells, or ___, reside in the lacunae within the matrix they have made. | show 🗑
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| show | Blood
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| show | neurons
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| show | muscle tissue
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| show | skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue.
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| show | skeletal muscle
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| show | muscle fibers
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| ___ is found only in the walls of the heart. Its contractions help propel blood through the blood vessels to all part of the body. | show 🗑
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| ___ is so named because its cells have no visible striations. Individually ____ are spindle shaped and contain one centrally located nucleus. | show 🗑
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| Because skeletal muscle contraction is under our conscious control, skeletal muscle is often called ____, and the other two types are called ____. | show 🗑
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| show | cutaneous membrane
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| ___ line body cavities that open to the exterior, such as those of the hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. | show 🗑
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| show | Serous membrane
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| show | Regeneration; fibrosis; scar tissue
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| show | Inflammation sets the stage, organization restores the blood supply, regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair.
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| ___ is not part of the skin but it shares some of skin protective functions, and it is also called ____. | show 🗑
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| ____ is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of four distinct cell types and four or five distinct layers. | show 🗑
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| The cell populating the epidermis include: ____, ___, ___, and ___. | show 🗑
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| The chief role of ___ is to produce ___, the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis it's protective properties. | show 🗑
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| show | Melanocytes; melanin
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| show | epidermal dendritic cells; Langerhans
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| ___ are present at the epidermal dermal junction. Shaped like a spiky hemisphere, it is associated with a disclike sensory nerve ending. | show 🗑
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| show | thick skin
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| show | thin skin
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| show | Stratum basale (basal layer), stratum spinosum (prickly layer), stratum granulosum (Granular layer), Stratum lucidum (clear layer), stratum corneum (horny layer).
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| show | Stratum Basale (basal layer)
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| show | Stratum spinosum (prickly layer)
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| The thin ___ consist of three to fibe cell layers in which keratinocyte appearance changes drastically, and the process of keratinization. | show 🗑
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| show | stratum lucidum (clear layer)
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| The outermost ____ is a broad zone 20-30 cell layers thick that accounts for up to three-quarters of the epidermal thickness. | show 🗑
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| ___, the second major skin region, is strong, flexible connective tissue. Its cells are typical of those found in any connective tissue proper: fibroblast, macrophages, and occasional mast cells and white blood cells. | show 🗑
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| show | dermis
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| The dermis has two layer, the ____ and ____. | show 🗑
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| show | papillary layer
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| show | reticular layer
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| show | flexure lines
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| Three pigments contribute to skin color include: | show 🗑
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| show | melanin
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| show | carotene
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| The pinkish hue of fair skin reflects the crimson color of the oxygenated pigment ____ in the red blood cells circulating through the dermal capillaries. | show 🗑
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| show | nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, and hair follicles and hair.
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| show | sweat glands or sudoriferous glands
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| show | eccrin and apocrine
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| ___ are far more numerous and are particularly abundant on the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead. Each is a simple coiled, tubular gland. | show 🗑
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| show | apocrine sweat glands
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| ___ are modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal. | show 🗑
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| show | mammary glands
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| show | sebaceous glands or oil glands
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| show | Hair or pili
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| show | cuticle
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| show | hair follicles
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| show | hair bulb; hair follicle receptors, or root hair plexus
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| show | connective tissue root sheath; epithelial rooth sheath
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| show | hair papilla
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| The cells that compose the ___, or actively dividing area of the hair bulb that produces the hair, originate in a region called the ___ located a fraction of a millimeter of the hair bulb. | show 🗑
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| Associated with each hair follicle is a bundle of smooth muscle cells called an ___. | show 🗑
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| show | Nail
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| The thickened proximal portiion of the nail bed, called the ___, is responsible for nail growth. | show 🗑
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| The proximal and lateral borders of the nail are overlapped by skin folds, called ___. | show 🗑
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| show | protection (chemical barriers, physical/mechanical barriers, and biological barriers), Body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, and excretion.
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| The ___ include skin secretion and melanin. Although the skin's surface teems the bacteria, the low pH of skin secretions--the so called acid mantle--retards their multiplication. | show 🗑
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| ___ are provided by the cuntinuity of skin and the hardness of its keratinized cells. The skin is remarkable compromise. | show 🗑
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| show | Biological barriers
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