Biology 2401 Tissues and Itegumentary system
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show | Tissues
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show | Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.
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show | Epithelial tissue or Epithelium.
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show | covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium.
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show | covering and lining epithelium
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show | glandular epithelium
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show | epithelium.
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Classification of epithelia. | show 🗑
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show | squamous cells, cuboidal cells, and columnar cells.
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____ consist of a single cell layer. They are typically found where absorption, secretion and filtration occur and a thin epithelial barrier is desirable. | show 🗑
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____ composed of two or more cell layers stacked one on top of the other, are common in high-abrasion areas where protection is important, such as the skin surface and lining of the mouth. | show 🗑
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___are flattened and scalelike. | show 🗑
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___ are boxlike, approximately as tall as they are wide. | show 🗑
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show | columnar cells.
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The cells of ____ are flattened laterally, and their cytoplasm is sparse. It is found where filtration or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority. | show 🗑
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____ provides a slick, friction-reducing lining in lympathic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system--blood vessels and the heart. | show 🗑
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___ is the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs. | show 🗑
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show | simple cuboidal epithelium
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____ is seen as a single layer of tall, closely packed cells, aligned like soldiers in a row. They are mostly associated with absorption and secretion, and the digestive tract lining has two distinct modification that make it ideal for the dual function. | show 🗑
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What are the locations of simple squamous, cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. | show 🗑
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____ is the most widespread of the stratified epithelia. Composed of several layers, it is thick and well suited for its protective role in the body. | show 🗑
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____ is quite rare in the body, mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands). | show 🗑
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____also has a limited distribution in the body. small amounts are found in the pharynx, the male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts. | show 🗑
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show | transitional epithelium
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show | stratified squamous epitheliun: Esophagus, mouth and vagina; Transitional epithelium: Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra.
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A ___ consist of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. This product called a ____, is an aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins but there is variation. | show 🗑
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Because ____ eventually lose their ducts, they are often called ductless glands. They produce hormones, regulatory chemicals that they secrete by exocytosis directly into the extracellular space. | show 🗑
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___ are numerous, and many of their products are familiar. They secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities. | show 🗑
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____ are sprinkled in the epithelial linings of the intestinal and respiratory tracts amid columnar cells with other functions. They do directly by exocytosis. | show 🗑
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show | multicellular exocrine glands
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show | Connective tissue
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Four main classes of connective tissue. | show 🗑
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show | binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation.
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show | common origin, degrees of vascularity, extracellular matrix.
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structural elements of connective tissue. | show 🗑
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Types of fibers. | show 🗑
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____ is the unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers. | show 🗑
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show | collagen fibers
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show | elastic fibers
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show | reticular fibers
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show | connective tissue proper-fibroblast, cartilage-chondroblast, bone-osteoblast, and blood-hematopoietic stem cells.
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show | mast cells and macrophages.
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show | mast cells
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___ are large irregularly shaped cells that avidly phagocytized a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. | show 🗑
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show | Mesenchyme; mesenchymal cells
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connective tissue proper has two subclasses: the ___ and the ___. | show 🗑
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Three types of loose connective tissue. | show 🗑
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Three types of dense connective tissue. | show 🗑
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Function of ___ tissue are supporting and binding other tissues, holding body fluids, defending against infection, and storing nutrients as fat. | show 🗑
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____, flat, branching cells that appear spindle shaped in profile, predominate, but numerous macrophages are also seen and present a formidable barrier to invading microorganisms. | show 🗑
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When a body region is inflamed, the areolar tissue in the area soaks up excess fluids like a sponge, and the affected area swells and becomes puffy, a condition called ___. | show 🗑
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show | Adipose (fat) tissue
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show | adipocytes
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___ resembles areolar connective tissue, but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular fibers, which form a delicate network along which fibroblasts called ___. | show 🗑
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show | Dense regular connective tissue
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show | tendons; aponeuroses
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show | dense irregular connective tissue
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____ which stands up to both tension and compression, has qualities intermediate between dense connective tissue and bone. It is tough but flexible, providing a resilient rigidity to the structures it supports. | show 🗑
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show | chondrocytes
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____ is the most abundant cartilage type in the body. | show 🗑
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show | hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage
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___ is nearly identical to hyaline cartilage. Found where strength and exceptional stretchability are needed, it forms the skeletons of the ear and the epiglottis. | show 🗑
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____ is a perfect structural intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissues. Its rows of chondrocytes alternate with rows of thick collagen fibers. | show 🗑
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show | Bones or osseous tissue
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show | osteocytes
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___, the fluid within blood vessels, is the most atypical connective tissue. It does not connect things or give mechanical support. | show 🗑
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____ are highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses. | show 🗑
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___ are highly cellular, well vascularized tissues that are responsible for most types of body movement. | show 🗑
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Three types of muscle tissue. | show 🗑
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show | skeletal muscle
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Skeletal muscle cells also called ___, are long, cylindrical cells that contain many nuclei. | show 🗑
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___ is found only in the walls of the heart. Its contractions help propel blood through the blood vessels to all part of the body. | show 🗑
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show | Smooth muscle
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show | voluntary muscle; involuntary muscle.
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___ is an organ system consisting of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) firmlya attached to a thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue (dermis). | show 🗑
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show | Mucous membrane
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show | Serous membrane
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show | Regeneration; fibrosis; scar tissue
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Steps of tissue repair. | show 🗑
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show | hypodermis; superficial fascia
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show | epidermis
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The cell populating the epidermis include: ____, ___, ___, and ___. | show 🗑
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The chief role of ___ is to produce ___, the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis it's protective properties. | show 🗑
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show | Melanocytes; melanin
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The star-shaped ____ arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Also called ____ after a german anatomist, they ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system. | show 🗑
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___ are present at the epidermal dermal junction. Shaped like a spiky hemisphere, it is associated with a disclike sensory nerve ending. | show 🗑
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show | thick skin
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____, which covers the rest of the body, the stratum lucidum appears to be absent and the other strata are thinner. | show 🗑
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Layers of epidermis. | show 🗑
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___, the deepest epidermal layer, is attached to the underlying dermis along a wavy borderline that reminds one of corrugated cardboard. | show 🗑
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show | Stratum spinosum (prickly layer)
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show | Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
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The ____ appears as a thin translucent band just above the stratum granulosum. It consists of two or three rows of clear, flat, deat, keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries. | show 🗑
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The outermost ____ is a broad zone 20-30 cell layers thick that accounts for up to three-quarters of the epidermal thickness. | show 🗑
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___, the second major skin region, is strong, flexible connective tissue. Its cells are typical of those found in any connective tissue proper: fibroblast, macrophages, and occasional mast cells and white blood cells. | show 🗑
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___ is richly supplied with nerve fibers, blood vessels and lympathic vessels. | show 🗑
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The dermis has two layer, the ____ and ____. | show 🗑
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The thin superficial ___ is areolar connective tissue in which fine interlacing collagen and elastic fibers form a loosely woven mat that is heavily invested with small blood vessels. | show 🗑
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show | reticular layer
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____ are dermal folds that occur at or near joints, where the dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures. | show 🗑
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Three pigments contribute to skin color include: | show 🗑
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show | melanin
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___ is a yellow to orange pigment found in certain plant products such as carrots. It tends to accumulate in the stratum corneum and in fatty tissue of the hypodermis. | show 🗑
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show | hemoglobin
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show | nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, and hair follicles and hair.
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___ are distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia. | show 🗑
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show | eccrin and apocrine
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___ are far more numerous and are particularly abundant on the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead. Each is a simple coiled, tubular gland. | show 🗑
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show | apocrine sweat glands
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___ are modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal. | show 🗑
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show | mammary glands
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show | sebaceous glands or oil glands
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show | Hair or pili
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show | cuticle
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show | hair follicles
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The deep end of the follicle, located about 4mm below the skin surface, is expanded, forming a ___. A knot sensory nerve endings called a ___. | show 🗑
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The wall of a hair follicle is composed of an outer ___, derived from the dermis; a thickened basement membrane called the glassy membrane, and an inner ___, derived mainly from an invagination of the epidermis. | show 🗑
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__, a nipple-ike but of dermal tissue, protrudes into the hair bulb. It contains a know of capillaries that supplies butrients to the growing hair and signals it to grow. | show 🗑
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show | hair matrix; hair bulge
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show | arrector pili
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____ is a scalelike modification of the epidermis that forms a clear protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal part of a finger or toe. | show 🗑
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The thickened proximal portiion of the nail bed, called the ___, is responsible for nail growth. | show 🗑
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show | nail folds
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Functions of itegumentary system or skin. | show 🗑
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show | chemical barriers
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___ are provided by the cuntinuity of skin and the hardness of its keratinized cells. The skin is remarkable compromise. | show 🗑
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___ include the dendritic cells of the epidermis, macrophages in the dermis, and DNA itself. | show 🗑
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