Disorders: musculoskeletal, digestive, cardiovascular, neurolotical
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| Esophageal atresia | show 🗑
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| Congenital pyloric stenosis | show 🗑
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| show | "inflammation in the stomach"; atrophy of the mucosa of stomach, w/loss of secretory glands; seen in indviduals w/PUD, alcohol abuse, and aging; Also Autoimmune disorders are associated; loss of parietal cells leads to achlorhydria & lack of Vit B-12
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| show | a common fungal infection that occurs in people who have taken broad spectrum atibiotics, cancer chemotherapy, or glucocorticoids & in those who have diabetes or are immunosuppressed; may appear as red, swollen and white curdlike material on mucosa
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| show | common form of demetia' changes in progressive cortical atrophy, which leads to dilated ventricles * widening of sulci, particularily in parietal & frontal lobes; deficit of ACh occurs
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| show | an inherited disorder that does not manifest until midlife: maternal inheritance delays onset longer than inheritance from fathers. Progressive atrophy of the brain occurs. w/degeneration of neurons: depletion of GABA, ACh
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| Amyotrphic laterl sclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | dysfuntion of extrapyramidal motor system occurs b/c or pregressive degenerative changes in basla nuclei; decreased # of neurons secrete dopamine leading to an imbalance b/t excitation & inhibition of basal nuclei: s/s tremors, facial/ocular
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| show | "PUD" occurs primarily proximal deodenum, also stomach antrum and lower esophagus; usually appears as cavity penetrating sub-mucosa. Ulcers can penetrate and perforate mucosal wall.
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| Ulcerative colitis | show 🗑
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| Cirrhosis of the liver | show 🗑
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| Thrombus formation | show 🗑
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| show | Infection from a group of viruses that target the hepatocytes: these include: hepatitis A (HAV ), HBV, HCV, HDV, & HEV. Liver cells are damaged by direct action of the virus or by cell-mediated immune responses to the virus. Liver necrosis results
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| show | Inflammation of pancreas resulting from autodigestion of tissues; acute or chronic; autodigestion follow premature activiation of pancreatic proenzymes w/in the pancreas; (trypsin, proteases amylase & lipase); Massive Inflammation process
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| show | caused from being connected w/gastric veins & cirrhosis of the liver increasing the pressure of blood that extends into the esophageal veins, creating large distended & distorted veins near the mucosal surface of the esophagus; Complication hemorrhage
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| Crohn's disease | show 🗑
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| Multiple sclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | `X-linked recessive (only males); a metabolic defect, a deficit of dystrophin, a muscle cell membrane protein, leads to degeneration/necrosis of cell; skeletal muscle fiberas are replaced by fat/fibrous connective tissue; muscle funtions is lost
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| show | vertebral joints first become inflamed; fibrosis, calcificatin or fusion of joints follow; the result is ankylosis or fixation of the joints. Inflammtion begins in the lower back (sacrial joint) progresses up the spince, causing a "poker back"
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | show 🗑
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| Gout | show 🗑
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| Cholelithiasis | show 🗑
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| show | mature bone cells (osteoblasts) tha lie b/t rings of matrix in spaces called lacunae.
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| Osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| Osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| show | a basic cell that may divide to give rise to a variety of specialized cells.
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| Hepatits A (infectious) | show 🗑
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| Hepatitis B (serum) | show 🗑
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| show | insidious onset in adults thru blood & parenteral routes; most common from blood transfusions; single stranded RNA virus; incuation pd of 2 wks-6 mths (usually 9 wks)
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| Heptitis E | show 🗑
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| show | direct exposure; incubation days to months; can be acute or chronic; caused by hepatotoxins
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| Hepatitis Chronic non-infectious | show 🗑
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| show | pressure-sensitive nerve endings tha detect changes in blood pressure & alerts cardiac system. Located inwalls or aortic arch, atria of hearts, and carotid sinuses.
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| Cardia preload | show 🗑
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| Glycogenosis | show 🗑
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| Achalasia | show 🗑
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| show | developmental defect of CNS in which hernial sac containing a porton of spinal cord, its meninges, & cerebrospinal fluid protures thru a congenital cleft in the vertebral column; caused by failure of neural tube to close during embryonic development
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| Steatorrhea | show 🗑
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| show | secretes gastrin when food enters the stomach & stimulates parietal & cheif cells
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| show | secretes gastrin in pyloric antrum; secretes mucous
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| Parietal cells | show 🗑
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| show | secrete pesinogen; located in fundus
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| show | secrete digestive enzymes, electrolytes & water into tiny ducts & secrest hormones secretin & cholecystokinin.
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| Pancreatic endocrine secretions | show 🗑
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| Lab values- Uric acid | show 🗑
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| show | direst = max 0.3 mg/dl; indirect = 0.1 - 1.0 mg/dl
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| Lab values - AST | show 🗑
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| show | 98 - 251 U/L (males); 81 - 312 U/L in females
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| Peptic Ulcer Disese (Predisposing factors) | show 🗑
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| show | prevalent in adults 20-4-; runs in family; immune disorders; infections; allergies; obstructions
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| Cholelithiasis - Predisposing factors | show 🗑
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| show | anorexia, N/V, hematemesis, epigastic pain, cramps, fever, HA, diarrhea
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| show | milds epigastric discomfort, anorexia or inolerance for certain foods; increase risk for peptic ulcers & gastric carcinoma
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| Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) - signs and symptoms | show 🗑
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| Cholecystitis - signs and symptoms | show 🗑
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| Acute pancreatitis - signs and symptoms | show 🗑
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| Appendicitis - signs and symptoms | show 🗑
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| Digestion - Mouth | show 🗑
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| show | swallowing ood; carries bolus to stomach
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| Digestion - Stomach | show 🗑
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| Digestion - Small Intestine | show 🗑
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| show | absorbes water & electrolyes
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| show | storage until defecation
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| Accessory Glands/organs - Liver | show 🗑
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| Accessory Glands/organs - Gallbladder | show 🗑
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| show | secretes 1000 mL of digestive enzymes daily; releases 2 hormones (secretin & cholecystokinin); secretes glucagon & insulin. Contain both endocrine and exocrine glands
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| show | involves skin breakage; bone frgments may be angles & protude thru skin; more damage to soft tissue, including blood vessels & nerves; higher risk for infection
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| Closed fracture | show 🗑
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| Complete fracture | show 🗑
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| Incomplete fracture | show 🗑
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| Greenstick fracture | show 🗑
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| Simple fracture | show 🗑
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| Comminuted fracture | show 🗑
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| Impacted fracture | show 🗑
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| Pathololgic fracture | show 🗑
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| Stress (fatigue) fractures | show 🗑
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| Depressed fracture | show 🗑
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| Transverse fracture | show 🗑
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| Linear fracture | show 🗑
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| show | one at the angle to the diaphysis of the bone
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| show | break that angles around the bone; twisting injury
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| show | a break in distal radius at wrist, sometimes ulnar is damaged.
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| show | fracture of lower fibula d/t excessive stress on ankle; tibia may be damaged.
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