Speech & Hearing Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Sound occurs when a disturbance creates change in air pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | Some type of movement: human vocal folds opening and closing
🗑
|
||||
| show | The pressure changes are transmitted through the medium and are perceived as sound.
🗑
|
||||
| How can the fundamentals of sound be defined in terms of components? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Air is a gas made up of many molecules constantly moving in random patterns at high speed. As the air molecules move around they collide with each other and whatever is in their path. This collision produces pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| How is air pressure measured? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dyne: The pressure needed to move the eardrum. Force per sq cm. For smaller surface areas.
Pounds: Larger amounts of force. Force per sq. inch.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the MKS system? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | C=centimeters; G=grams; S=seconds
(distance, mass, time). Uses dynes per square centimeter = Microbar.
🗑
|
||||
| Hearing measurements use what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Positive Pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | Negative Pressure
🗑
|
||||
| What is Equilibrium? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is Air Flow? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is Volume Velocity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Differences in air pressure causing air to flow from high pressure to low pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| What is volume? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The amount of mass per unit of volume.
🗑
|
||||
| show | As volume increases, pressure decreases; As volume decreases, pressure increases.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Air molecules that are displaced due to disturbance in pressure do not travel to a listener's ear, BUT the vibration (disturbance) that causes the changes in air pressure is what generates the sound.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Causes the disturbance and in turn begins to create the changes in pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Compression? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An area of low pressure; Occurs when air molecules approach and collide with an area of low pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| What's Ambient Air Pressure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The basic nature of sound consists of what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Elasticity, Inertia, and Amplitude
🗑
|
||||
| show | Restoring force (ex: rubber band)). Hook's Law.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Inertia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The maximum distance away from the rest position that the molecule is displaced. Determined by the amount of force. How far the molecules are displaced.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Frequency, period, wavelength, amplitude
🗑
|
||||
| What is the cycle of vibration? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The number of cycles per second at which an object vibrates.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hertz
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1000
🗑
|
||||
| What would be a "low" frequency? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1000 Hz
🗑
|
||||
| show | 4000 Hz
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tuning fork, air molecules, and eardrum
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Period? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | F = 1/t
(F = # of cycles per sec; t = time for each cycle)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Waveforms: A graph with Time on the horizontal axis and Amplitude on the vertical axis.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 types of sound waves (complex sounds)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Whole number multiples
🗑
|
||||
| What is Velocity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Solids and water.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Measurement of the travel of sound; the distance covered by one complete cycle of pressure change.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the direct relationship between Frequency, Period, Velocity, and Wavelength. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Absorption, Reflection, and Interference.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Absorption? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is Reflection? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Two or more waves combining. Happens from Reflection. Wave hits something hard and bounces back to hit another wave.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Constructive: Increases amplitude.
Destructive: Decreases amplitude; timing is off.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a pure tone? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Waves with more than one frequency.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a Periodic Complex Wave? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fundamental Frequency
🗑
|
||||
| Whole number multiples | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | These frequencies are not mathematically related to one another. Can't do math to determine the frequencies that make up a sound. No Fundamental Frequency or Harmonics on graph.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Norms. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A computerized transducer fitted with acoustic hardware and software. The person speaks into an attached microphone, which changes the acoustic signal into corresponding electrical signals.
🗑
|
||||
| show | It calculates the Fundamental Frequency and relative amplitude over time.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Average Fundamental Frequency, Fundamental Frequency variability & range, Maximum phonational frequency range.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Measured in a particular task: sustaining a vowel, reading aloud, conversational speech. Averaged over the speaking time of the task. Measured during oral reading or conversational speech task = SFF (speaking fund freq).
🗑
|
||||
| Why do males have lower Fo than females? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Male Fo | show 🗑
|
||||
| Female Fo | show 🗑
|
||||
| Children Fo | show 🗑
|
||||
| Average Fo remains stable in adult males and females until when? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What methods of assessing pitch are unreliable? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Frequency variability.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A functional, organic, or neurogenic voice problem.
🗑
|
||||
| How is Fo variability measured? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The spread of Fo around the average Fo. When this variability is measured in Hz, it's called FoSD.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 20-35 Hz
🗑
|
||||
| What is FoSD converted into semitones? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 2-4 semitones for males and females.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The difference between the lowest and highest Fo in a particular speech sample.
🗑
|
||||
| Who has the greatest range of frequencies? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 150-200 Hz
🗑
|
||||
| From 7 years-adulthood, who uses a wider range: males or females? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The complete range of frequencies that an individual can generate. Often measured in semitones or octaves.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The physiological limits of the speaker's voice and the physical conditions of the person's vocal mechanism and basic vocal ability.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Refers to the overall level of amplitude during a speech task. Perceptually, this corresponds to the loudness that the individual generates during the speech activity.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 65-80 dB SPL (sound pressure level)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 70 dB SPL
🗑
|
||||
| show | A speech disorder; difficulty opening the vocal folds widely and closing them.
🗑
|
||||
| What causes Amplitude to vary? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How is Amplitude variability expressed? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the reduced ability to vary loudness? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The physiological range of the vocal amplitudes that a speaker can generate. Ranges from the softest to the loudest shout. It's related to Fo.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 30 dB SPL (depending on the frequency)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Greater for Fo in the midrange and less for frequencies higher or lower than midrange.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Voice Range Profile (VRP)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dynamic range is plotted on the vertical axis in dB SLP and Fo is plotted on the horizontal axis in Hz.
🗑
|
||||
| How do you generate the Voice Range Profile? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do the upper and lower contours of the VRP show? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the characteristic shape of a VRP? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the "dip" in the VRP? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why do children express a compressed VPR? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Is there a difference in VRP between trained and untrained voices? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Continuous: hissing noise; longer duration.
Transient: short noise.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Frequency: # of cycles per minute.
Period: length of cycle.
Amplitude: height of cycle.
Wavelength: distance between each cycle.
🗑
|
||||
| show | On a Waveform: a graph with Time on the horizontal axis and Amplitude on the vertical axis.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Smooth shape; pure tone.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Periodic.
🗑
|
||||
| What is it called if the cycles repeat themselves in the same way but the SHAPE is not Sinusoid? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is it called if cycles are different with different amounts of time? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | By finding the largest peak.
🗑
|
||||
| What CANNOT be seen on a waveform? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a spectrum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Line graph.
🗑
|
||||
| What is on a line graph? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | As a vertical line. Height of line = amplitude of that frequency.
🗑
|
||||
| What is not evident on a line graph? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | At one particular instance at a time.
🗑
|
||||
| Why is a line graph NOT used to represent a Complex Aperiodic Sound? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Envelope of the wave.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a Continuous Spectrum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What can't you see on a line graph? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the source of sound? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does the rate of vibration of the vocal folds depend on? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Vocal fold Fo is mainly determined by what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gets lower
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to male Fo with age? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How is intensity controlled? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Vocal folds to press together more tightly, causing Subglottal pressure to build up more strongly and when they're blown apart, they blow apart more forcefully and come back together more forcefully.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to a sound wave that's generated? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the vocal folds during speech? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Prosody (melody), intonation, mood, and emotion.
🗑
|
||||
| show | AKA: Phonation Threshold Pressure (Pth). For conversational speech: 3-5 cm H2O.
🗑
|
||||
| What is needed for higher Fo? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Higher pressure (50 cm H2O)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Concerns the quantitative, instrumental analysis of the anatomical, physiological, and acoustic bases of speech productions and perception, and of the cognitive processes involved in verbal & nonverbal communication.
🗑
|
||||
| What does the study of speech production involve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does the study of speech perception cover? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It concerns the physical properties, such as the frequency & intensity of speech sounds.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Speech synthesis & coding, automatic speech recognition, human-computer dialogue systems, the medical application of speech & hearing technologies, the study of language acquisition by children and both native and non-native speakers.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Speech perception, decoding the speech signal, identification & categorization of contextual and linguistic information, auditory function across a lifespan.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Speech recognition & temporal processing, spectral analysis, noise-induced hearing loss, cortical pathways & higher function auditory processing.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Anna Moses
Popular Speech Therapy sets