first geo 1 exam
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| heliocentric | everything revolves around the sun
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| geocentric | everything revolves around the earth
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| nebula | nuclear clouds flatten and rotate
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| supernova | when H+He in star run out, and explosion causes formation of other 92 elements
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| red shift/blue shift | when light source is moving, farther distances cause wavelengths to lengthen and become red-shifted, opposite for blue shifted
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| solar wing |
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| hypothesis vs. theory vs. law | offered explanation of observations vs. when hypo withstands tests and accurately predicts future observations vs. no sensible challenge and is often summarized in mathematical relationship
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| Earth's Crush | silic and mafic, top layer
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| Moho | the boundary between the Earth's crust and the underlying mantle
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| mantle | iron alloys, allows plate tectonics
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| outer core | below mantle
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| inner core | idk
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| magma | ugh
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| lava | ugh
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| polar wander | poles are not exactly at north and south
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| pangaea | when all continents were combined in jurrassic era 1xx to 65 million years ago.
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| geographic pole vs. magnetic pole | top & bottom vs. positive & negative
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| marine magnetic anomaly | switching of magnetic poles in layers of rocks
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| passive vs. active margin | where continent edge is hitting edge of oceanic plate vs. continent edges not hitting other oceanic plates
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| lithosphere | brittle part of mantle
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| asthenosphere | ductile part of mantly
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| sheeted dikes | layers of lava emerging that freezed fsat
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| pillow lavas | extrusion of lava underwater
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| black smoker | channels of super heated water send back into ocean due to lava flow
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| mid-ocean ride |
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| ophiolite | sea crust on continental crust
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| submarine trench |
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| divergent boundary | away
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| convergent boundary | towards
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| transform boundary (transform fault) | next
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| fracture zone | transform thingies
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| intra-plate hot spot |
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| uniformitarianism |
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| baked contact | when lava heats up rock aorund it
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| original continuity |
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| lithologic correlation |
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| fossil correlation |
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| uncomformity |
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| blocking temperature |
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| Aristotle | 300 BC
concluded earth was round
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| Copernicus |
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| Darwin | 1800s
naturalist, "On the Origin of Species", FATHER OF EVOLUTION
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| Eratosthenes | 200-100 BC
measured the size of the earth
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| Galileo | 1600s
saw jupiters moons, favored helio-centric view
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| Hess | 1900
proposed seafloor spreading
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| Holmes | 1800-1900
proposed convections cells in mantle, which allows plates to move
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| Hubble | 1900
discovered light from other galaxies, "redshift meant galaxies were moving away from us
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| Hutton |
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| Lamarck | 1700s-1800s
identified lines of descent, assumed new structures arose out of need,
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| Linnaeus | 1700's
organized living things, father of taxonomy, devised 7-part hierarchy and two part naming system
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| Ptolemy | 87-150 AD
proponent of geocentric view
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| Leavitt | 1900s
determined relative brightness of known stars can tell us distance to stars that are even farther away
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| Newton | Added mathematical proof to explain motions of planets and stationary sun
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| SMith | late 1700s to early 1800s
made first geologic map, observed that separate rock units could be correlated by fossils they contain
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| Steno | father of stratigraphy;
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| Wallace |
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| Watson+Crick | discovered DNA mid 1900s
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| Wegner | 1800-1900
proposed plate tectonics and pangaea
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| Age of Universe | 14 billion years ago
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| Age of Sun | 4.5 Billion years old
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| Age of Earth | 4.5 Billion years old
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| Age of oldest rocks | 4.4 Billion years old
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| Age of oldest ocean crust | 200 million years old
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| radius of Earth, km | 6,378 km
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| highest mountain, m deepest trench, m | Mount Everest; 8,848 m
Mariana Trench; 10,910 m
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| rates of seafloor spreading, cm/yr |
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| origin of Sun | nuclear dust swirled together and H+He fuse to form elements up to Fe
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| origin of earth+moon | earlier supernovae explosions, Plane tesinals combined to become earth, one hit larger earth, became dust that swirled into moon
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| origin of 2 primary earth elevations |
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| cause of ocean |
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| cause of atmosphere |
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| origin of magnetic field |
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| cause of marine magnetic anomalies | switching magnetic poles
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| cause of hot spot volcanism |
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| cause of variation in species | certain conditions allow certain traits to keep animals alive, which allows them to breed more than the ones with other traits
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| composition of atmosphere | oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
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| composition of whole Earth |
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| composition of crust | silica rish, with basaltic and granitic crusts
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| composition of mantle | (very high in iron and magnesium)
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| composition of Earth's Inner Core | iron-nickel alloy
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| composition of Earth's outer core | iron and nickel
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| compare/contrast; cont. crust/ocean crust | silic (light and light colored) vs. mafic(heavy and dark colored)
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| compare/contrast; crust/mantle | silic and mafic vs. ultramafic
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| compare/contrast; lithosphere/asthenosphere | lithosphere; surface, cooler, more brittle, divided into tectonic plates, contains heavy oceanic basalt and lighter continental rock
asthenosphere; deeper, hotter, high pressure and is solid, but flows
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| compare/contrast; intelligent design/natural selection |
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| name and locate examples of; convergent ocean-ocean | Mariana trench
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| name and locate examples of; convergent ocean-continenet | left side of south america
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| name and locate examples of; convergent continent-continent | India
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| name and locate examples of; transform ocean-ocean |
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| name and locate examples of; transform continent-continent | san andreas fault
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| name and locate examples of; divergent plate boundaries | Atlantic Ocean
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| how do we determine; distance to stars | relative brightness, parallax and distance
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| how do we determine; depth of ocean | sonographs
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| how do we determine; age of ocean crust | magnetism
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| how do we determine; relative age of rock formations | superposition, original horizontality, cross-cutting relationships
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| how do we determine; absolute age of rocks | carbon dating, half lifes
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| darwin's groundbreaking principles | >More offspring are produced than can survive to maturity
>variations in form + function exist among offspring
>organisms must compete for resources and mate
>survival of the fittest!
>variations that favor success are passed down
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Created by:
aliciagreulich
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