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heliocentric
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Geo 1 Exam 1

first geo 1 exam

QuestionAnswer
heliocentric everything revolves around the sun
geocentric everything revolves around the earth
nebula nuclear clouds flatten and rotate
supernova when H+He in star run out, and explosion causes formation of other 92 elements
red shift/blue shift when light source is moving, farther distances cause wavelengths to lengthen and become red-shifted, opposite for blue shifted
solar wing
hypothesis vs. theory vs. law offered explanation of observations vs. when hypo withstands tests and accurately predicts future observations vs. no sensible challenge and is often summarized in mathematical relationship
Earth's Crush silic and mafic, top layer
Moho the boundary between the Earth's crust and the underlying mantle
mantle iron alloys, allows plate tectonics
outer core below mantle
inner core idk
magma ugh
lava ugh
polar wander poles are not exactly at north and south
pangaea when all continents were combined in jurrassic era 1xx to 65 million years ago.
geographic pole vs. magnetic pole top & bottom vs. positive & negative
marine magnetic anomaly switching of magnetic poles in layers of rocks
passive vs. active margin where continent edge is hitting edge of oceanic plate vs. continent edges not hitting other oceanic plates
lithosphere brittle part of mantle
asthenosphere ductile part of mantly
sheeted dikes layers of lava emerging that freezed fsat
pillow lavas extrusion of lava underwater
black smoker channels of super heated water send back into ocean due to lava flow
mid-ocean ride
ophiolite sea crust on continental crust
submarine trench
divergent boundary away
convergent boundary towards
transform boundary (transform fault) next
fracture zone transform thingies
intra-plate hot spot
uniformitarianism
baked contact when lava heats up rock aorund it
original continuity
lithologic correlation
fossil correlation
uncomformity
blocking temperature
Aristotle 300 BC concluded earth was round
Copernicus
Darwin 1800s naturalist, "On the Origin of Species", FATHER OF EVOLUTION
Eratosthenes 200-100 BC measured the size of the earth
Galileo 1600s saw jupiters moons, favored helio-centric view
Hess 1900 proposed seafloor spreading
Holmes 1800-1900 proposed convections cells in mantle, which allows plates to move
Hubble 1900 discovered light from other galaxies, "redshift meant galaxies were moving away from us
Hutton
Lamarck 1700s-1800s identified lines of descent, assumed new structures arose out of need,
Linnaeus 1700's organized living things, father of taxonomy, devised 7-part hierarchy and two part naming system
Ptolemy 87-150 AD proponent of geocentric view
Leavitt 1900s determined relative brightness of known stars can tell us distance to stars that are even farther away
Newton Added mathematical proof to explain motions of planets and stationary sun
SMith late 1700s to early 1800s made first geologic map, observed that separate rock units could be correlated by fossils they contain
Steno father of stratigraphy;
Wallace
Watson+Crick discovered DNA mid 1900s
Wegner 1800-1900 proposed plate tectonics and pangaea
Age of Universe 14 billion years ago
Age of Sun 4.5 Billion years old
Age of Earth 4.5 Billion years old
Age of oldest rocks 4.4 Billion years old
Age of oldest ocean crust 200 million years old
radius of Earth, km 6,378 km
highest mountain, m deepest trench, m Mount Everest; 8,848 m Mariana Trench; 10,910 m
rates of seafloor spreading, cm/yr
origin of Sun nuclear dust swirled together and H+He fuse to form elements up to Fe
origin of earth+moon earlier supernovae explosions, Plane tesinals combined to become earth, one hit larger earth, became dust that swirled into moon
origin of 2 primary earth elevations
cause of ocean
cause of atmosphere
origin of magnetic field
cause of marine magnetic anomalies switching magnetic poles
cause of hot spot volcanism
cause of variation in species certain conditions allow certain traits to keep animals alive, which allows them to breed more than the ones with other traits
composition of atmosphere oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
composition of whole Earth
composition of crust silica rish, with basaltic and granitic crusts
composition of mantle (very high in iron and magnesium)
composition of Earth's Inner Core iron-nickel alloy
composition of Earth's outer core iron and nickel
compare/contrast; cont. crust/ocean crust silic (light and light colored) vs. mafic(heavy and dark colored)
compare/contrast; crust/mantle silic and mafic vs. ultramafic
compare/contrast; lithosphere/asthenosphere lithosphere; surface, cooler, more brittle, divided into tectonic plates, contains heavy oceanic basalt and lighter continental rock asthenosphere; deeper, hotter, high pressure and is solid, but flows
compare/contrast; intelligent design/natural selection
name and locate examples of; convergent ocean-ocean Mariana trench
name and locate examples of; convergent ocean-continenet left side of south america
name and locate examples of; convergent continent-continent India
name and locate examples of; transform ocean-ocean
name and locate examples of; transform continent-continent san andreas fault
name and locate examples of; divergent plate boundaries Atlantic Ocean
how do we determine; distance to stars relative brightness, parallax and distance
how do we determine; depth of ocean sonographs
how do we determine; age of ocean crust magnetism
how do we determine; relative age of rock formations superposition, original horizontality, cross-cutting relationships
how do we determine; absolute age of rocks carbon dating, half lifes
darwin's groundbreaking principles >More offspring are produced than can survive to maturity >variations in form + function exist among offspring >organisms must compete for resources and mate >survival of the fittest! >variations that favor success are passed down
Created by: aliciagreulich
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