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Geo 1 Exam 1
first geo 1 exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heliocentric | everything revolves around the sun |
| geocentric | everything revolves around the earth |
| nebula | nuclear clouds flatten and rotate |
| supernova | when H+He in star run out, and explosion causes formation of other 92 elements |
| red shift/blue shift | when light source is moving, farther distances cause wavelengths to lengthen and become red-shifted, opposite for blue shifted |
| solar wing | |
| hypothesis vs. theory vs. law | offered explanation of observations vs. when hypo withstands tests and accurately predicts future observations vs. no sensible challenge and is often summarized in mathematical relationship |
| Earth's Crush | silic and mafic, top layer |
| Moho | the boundary between the Earth's crust and the underlying mantle |
| mantle | iron alloys, allows plate tectonics |
| outer core | below mantle |
| inner core | idk |
| magma | ugh |
| lava | ugh |
| polar wander | poles are not exactly at north and south |
| pangaea | when all continents were combined in jurrassic era 1xx to 65 million years ago. |
| geographic pole vs. magnetic pole | top & bottom vs. positive & negative |
| marine magnetic anomaly | switching of magnetic poles in layers of rocks |
| passive vs. active margin | where continent edge is hitting edge of oceanic plate vs. continent edges not hitting other oceanic plates |
| lithosphere | brittle part of mantle |
| asthenosphere | ductile part of mantly |
| sheeted dikes | layers of lava emerging that freezed fsat |
| pillow lavas | extrusion of lava underwater |
| black smoker | channels of super heated water send back into ocean due to lava flow |
| mid-ocean ride | |
| ophiolite | sea crust on continental crust |
| submarine trench | |
| divergent boundary | away |
| convergent boundary | towards |
| transform boundary (transform fault) | next |
| fracture zone | transform thingies |
| intra-plate hot spot | |
| uniformitarianism | |
| baked contact | when lava heats up rock aorund it |
| original continuity | |
| lithologic correlation | |
| fossil correlation | |
| uncomformity | |
| blocking temperature | |
| Aristotle | 300 BC concluded earth was round |
| Copernicus | |
| Darwin | 1800s naturalist, "On the Origin of Species", FATHER OF EVOLUTION |
| Eratosthenes | 200-100 BC measured the size of the earth |
| Galileo | 1600s saw jupiters moons, favored helio-centric view |
| Hess | 1900 proposed seafloor spreading |
| Holmes | 1800-1900 proposed convections cells in mantle, which allows plates to move |
| Hubble | 1900 discovered light from other galaxies, "redshift meant galaxies were moving away from us |
| Hutton | |
| Lamarck | 1700s-1800s identified lines of descent, assumed new structures arose out of need, |
| Linnaeus | 1700's organized living things, father of taxonomy, devised 7-part hierarchy and two part naming system |
| Ptolemy | 87-150 AD proponent of geocentric view |
| Leavitt | 1900s determined relative brightness of known stars can tell us distance to stars that are even farther away |
| Newton | Added mathematical proof to explain motions of planets and stationary sun |
| SMith | late 1700s to early 1800s made first geologic map, observed that separate rock units could be correlated by fossils they contain |
| Steno | father of stratigraphy; |
| Wallace | |
| Watson+Crick | discovered DNA mid 1900s |
| Wegner | 1800-1900 proposed plate tectonics and pangaea |
| Age of Universe | 14 billion years ago |
| Age of Sun | 4.5 Billion years old |
| Age of Earth | 4.5 Billion years old |
| Age of oldest rocks | 4.4 Billion years old |
| Age of oldest ocean crust | 200 million years old |
| radius of Earth, km | 6,378 km |
| highest mountain, m deepest trench, m | Mount Everest; 8,848 m Mariana Trench; 10,910 m |
| rates of seafloor spreading, cm/yr | |
| origin of Sun | nuclear dust swirled together and H+He fuse to form elements up to Fe |
| origin of earth+moon | earlier supernovae explosions, Plane tesinals combined to become earth, one hit larger earth, became dust that swirled into moon |
| origin of 2 primary earth elevations | |
| cause of ocean | |
| cause of atmosphere | |
| origin of magnetic field | |
| cause of marine magnetic anomalies | switching magnetic poles |
| cause of hot spot volcanism | |
| cause of variation in species | certain conditions allow certain traits to keep animals alive, which allows them to breed more than the ones with other traits |
| composition of atmosphere | oxygen, nitrogen, carbon |
| composition of whole Earth | |
| composition of crust | silica rish, with basaltic and granitic crusts |
| composition of mantle | (very high in iron and magnesium) |
| composition of Earth's Inner Core | iron-nickel alloy |
| composition of Earth's outer core | iron and nickel |
| compare/contrast; cont. crust/ocean crust | silic (light and light colored) vs. mafic(heavy and dark colored) |
| compare/contrast; crust/mantle | silic and mafic vs. ultramafic |
| compare/contrast; lithosphere/asthenosphere | lithosphere; surface, cooler, more brittle, divided into tectonic plates, contains heavy oceanic basalt and lighter continental rock asthenosphere; deeper, hotter, high pressure and is solid, but flows |
| compare/contrast; intelligent design/natural selection | |
| name and locate examples of; convergent ocean-ocean | Mariana trench |
| name and locate examples of; convergent ocean-continenet | left side of south america |
| name and locate examples of; convergent continent-continent | India |
| name and locate examples of; transform ocean-ocean | |
| name and locate examples of; transform continent-continent | san andreas fault |
| name and locate examples of; divergent plate boundaries | Atlantic Ocean |
| how do we determine; distance to stars | relative brightness, parallax and distance |
| how do we determine; depth of ocean | sonographs |
| how do we determine; age of ocean crust | magnetism |
| how do we determine; relative age of rock formations | superposition, original horizontality, cross-cutting relationships |
| how do we determine; absolute age of rocks | carbon dating, half lifes |
| darwin's groundbreaking principles | >More offspring are produced than can survive to maturity >variations in form + function exist among offspring >organisms must compete for resources and mate >survival of the fittest! >variations that favor success are passed down |
Created by:
aliciagreulich
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