Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| 80-conductor IDE cable | An IDE cable that has 40 pins but uses 80 wires, 40 of which are ground wires designed to reduce crosstalk on the cable. The cable is used by ATA/66 and higher IDE drives.
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| ANSI (American National Standards Institute) | A nonprofit organization dedicated to creating trade and communications standards.
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| ATAPI (Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface) | An interface standard, part of the IDE/ATA standards, that allows tape drives, CD-ROM drives, and other drives to be treated like an IDE hard drive by the system.
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| autodetection | A feature of system BIOS and hard droves that automatically identifies and configures a new drive in CMOS setup.
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| block mode | A method of data transfer between hard drive and memory that allows multiple data transfers on a single software interrupt.
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| boot record | The first sector of a floppy disk or logical drive in a partition.; it contains information about the disk or logical drive. On a hard drive, if the boot record is in the active partition, then it is used to boot the OS. Also called boot sector.
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| boot sector | The first sector of a floppy disk or logical drive in a partition.; it contains information about the disk or logical drive. On a hard drive, if the boot record is in the active partition, then it is used to boot the OS. Also called boot sector.
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| cluster | One or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data (also referred to as a file allocation unit). Files are written to a disk as groups of whole clusters.
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| DMA transfer mode (direct memory access) | A transfer mode used by devices, including the hard drive, to transfer data to memory without involving the CPU.
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| EIDE (Enhanced IDE) | A standard for managing the interface between secondary storage devices and a computer system. A system can support up to six serial ATA and parallel ATA IDE devices such as hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives.
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| external SATA (eSATA) | A standard for external drives
based on SATA that uses a special external
shielded SATA cable up to 2 meters long. eSATA is up to six times faster than USB or FireWire.
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| FAT12 | The 12-bit wide, one-column file allocation
table for a floppy disk, containing information
about how each cluster or file allocation unit on
the disk is currently used.
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| file allocation unit | One or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data (also referred to as a file allocation unit). Files are written to a disk as groups of whole clusters.
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| floppy disk drive (FDD) | A drive that can hold either
a 5 inch or 3 inch floppy disk. Also called floppy
drive.
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| hard drive controller | The firmware that controls access to a hard drive contained on a circuit board mounted on or inside the hard drive housing. Older hard drives used firmware on a controller card that connected to the drive by way of two cables, oneeach for data and control
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| head | The top or bottom surface of one platter on a hard drive. Each platter has two heads.
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| high-level formatting | The process creates the boot record, file system, and root directory on the volume or logical drive and makes the volume or drive bootable).
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| host adapter | The process creates the boot record, file system, and root directory on the volume or logical drive and makes the volume or drive bootable).
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| IDE (Integrated Device Electronics) | A hard drive whose disk controller
is integrated into the drive, eliminating the need
for a controller cable and thus increasing speed, as
well as reducing price
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| Logical Unit Number (LUN) | A number assigned to a
logical device (such as a tray in a CD changer) that
is part of a physical SCSI device, which is assigned
a SCSI ID.
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| low-level formatting | A process (usually performed at
the factory) that electronically creates the hard
drive tracks and sectors and tests for bad spots on
the disk surface.
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| operating system formatting | The process creates the boot record, file system, and root directory on the volume or logical drive and makes the volume or drive bootable).
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| parallel ATA | An older IDE cabling method that
uses a 40-pin flat or round data cable or an 80-
conductor cable and a 40-pin IDE connector. See also
serial ATA.
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| PIO transfer mode (Programmed Input/Output) | A transfer
mode that uses the CPU to transfer data from the
hard drive to memory. PIO mode is slower than
DMA mode.
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| read/write head | A sealed, magnetic coil device that
moves across the surface of a disk either reading
data from or writing data to the disk.
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| SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) | A fast
interface between a host adapter and the CPU that
can daisy chain as many as 7 or 15 devices on a
single bus.
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| SCSI ID | A number from 0 to 15 assigned to each SCSI
device attached to the daisy chain.
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| serial ATA (SATA) | An ATAPI cabling method that
uses a narrower and more reliable cable than the
80-conductor cable. See also parallel ATA.
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| serial ATA cable | An IDE cable that is narrower and
has fewer pins than the parallel IDE 80-conductor
cable.
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| terminating resistor | The resistor added at the end of
a SCSI chain to dampen the voltage at the end of
the chain.
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| zone bit recording | A method of storing data on a hard drive whereby the drive can have more sectors per track near the outside of the platter.
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Created by:
Zach Blaisdell
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