Psychology Eighth Edition by David G. Myers
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| show | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
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| show | how we explain someones behavior: either to their situation or the person’s disposition.
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| show | when observing others, overestimating influence of a personality and underestimating influence of situations.
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| show | the explanation of individual behavior as a result caused by internal characteristics that reside within the individual, as opposed to outside (situational) influences that stem from the environment or culture in which that individual is found.
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| show | actors tend to attribute the causes of their behavior to stimuli inherent in the situation, while observers tend to attribute behavior to stable dispositions of the actor
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| show | people attribute their successes to internal or personal factors but attribute their failures to situational factors beyond their control.
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| show | people develop their attitudes by observing their behaviour and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
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| show | tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request.
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| Cognitive Dissonance | show 🗑
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| Reframing | show 🗑
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| show | prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.
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| Confirmation Bias | show 🗑
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| show | girl got raped, blame that she was wearing a mini skirt and walking on the wrong side of town.
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| Conformity | show 🗑
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| show | nonconscious mimicry of the postures, mannerisms, facial expressions, and other behaviors of one's interaction partners, such that one's behavior passively and unintentionally changes to match that of others in one's current social environment.
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| Group Pressure | show 🗑
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| Solomon Asch | show 🗑
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| show | influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
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| Informational Social Influence | show 🗑
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| Stanley Milgram | show 🗑
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| Social Facilitation | show 🗑
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| show | the tendency for people in a group to exert toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
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| Deindividuation | show 🗑
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| Phillip Zimbardo | show 🗑
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| show | the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
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| Groupthink | show 🗑
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| Minority Influence | show 🗑
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| show | an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predispositions to discriminatory action.
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| Stereotype | show 🗑
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| Discrimination | show 🗑
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| show | us-people with whom one shares a common identity.
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| Scapegoat Theory | show 🗑
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| show | any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
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| show | the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression.
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| Conflict | show 🗑
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| show | a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
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| Cooperation V. Competition (The Prisoner's Dilema) | show 🗑
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| Mere Exposure Effect | show 🗑
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| show | Similarity, Proximity, Familiarity
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| show | suggests why people become attracted to their partner. It claims that people are more likely to form long standing relationships with those who are equally physically attractive as they are.
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| show | an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.
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| show | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined.
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| Altruism | show 🗑
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| show | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
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| Darley and Latane Experiment | show 🗑
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| Diffusion of Responsibility | show 🗑
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| show | an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.
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| Reciprocity Norm | show 🗑
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| Social-Responsibility Norm | show 🗑
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| show | superordinate goals (goals so large that it requires more than one group to achieve the goal) reduced conflict significantly more effectively than other strategies (e.g., communication, contact).
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| show | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
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| show | initiatives in tension-reduction-a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.
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