Microbiology
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| Normal Microbiota | show 🗑
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| show | Skin prevents microorganism overgrowth by being slightly acidic and salty.
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| show | P. acnes are normal residents of the skin but when pores become engorged with excess oil and sebum fluid that is secreted by oil glands, it creates an anaerobic environment where P. acnes can live.
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| How does propionibacterium acnes cause body odor? | show 🗑
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| Why is there no normal microbiota in the lower respiratory tract? | show 🗑
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| show | Can cause pneumonia or TB
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| How do we avoid normal microbiota in the lower respiratory tract? | show 🗑
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| Streptococcus sobrinus causes | show 🗑
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| Streptococcus mutans causes | show 🗑
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| Why do the stomach and small intestine have a lower number of microorganisms than the large intestine? | show 🗑
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| show | Nope, microbiota free.
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| show | Female: cmopex microbiota in flux due to menstrual cycle.
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| What bacteria is predominant in female genetalia? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Prevent pathogen attachment 2. Consume available nutrients so bad things can't eat them. 3. Produce toxic compounds that in hibit other microbes 4. Prime the immune system.
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| Opportunistic pathogen | show 🗑
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| show | Hormonal changes, type of food consumed, ethnicity, antibiotics.
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| How can a woman get a yeast infection? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Number of organisms present 2. Virulence of pathogen 3. Host's defenses and degree of resistance
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| Virulence | show 🗑
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| Virulence is determined by | show 🗑
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| Define infectivity | show 🗑
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| show | Ability to spread to adjacent tissues
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| show | Degree to which pathogen can cause damage to host
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| Virulence is measured by | show 🗑
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| show | number that kills 50% of experimental host
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| Define infectious dose | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Maintain a reservoir 2. Be transported to host 3. Adhere to, colonize and/or invade host 4. Multiply or complete life cycles on or in host 5. Initially evade host defenses 6. Damage host 7. Leave host (Return to reservoir/enter new host)
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| show | Place to live before/after causing an infection
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| show | Other humans, animals, or the environment
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| How are diseases transported? (Two ways) | show 🗑
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| Define direct contact | show 🗑
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| Define indirect contact | show 🗑
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| show | Adhesins recognize specific receptors on the host cells surface
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| Define colonization process | show 🗑
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| show | Active: penetration of mucous membrane and epithelium Passive: Entering through skin lesions, wounds
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| show | When pathogen finds appropriate environment within the host
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| show | viable bacteria in blood
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| show | bacteria AND toxins in the bloodstream
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| show | Leave the host
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| Virulence genes | show 🗑
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| show | A few
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| Define pathogenicity islands | show 🗑
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| When are pathogenicity islands acquired? | show 🗑
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| show | Environmental factors (control gene expression)
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| What are virulence factors made of? | show 🗑
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| show | disease resulting from entry of a specific preformed toxin into host
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| Define toxin | show 🗑
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| Define toxemia | show 🗑
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| What is an AB toxin? | show 🗑
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| show | Reponsible for toxic effect; does the damage
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| Role of the B subunit | show 🗑
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| How do Cytolytic toxins work? | show 🗑
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| show | Poreforming adn Phospholipase
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| show | Forms a hole in the membrane, Water enters and the cell dies
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| show | Kill phagocytic leukocytes
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| show | Kill erythrocytes, leukocytes and many others
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| show | Act directly on neurons by interfering with membrane protein and ion channels
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| show | Interacts with host molecules and cells, activates host enzymes
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| show | Fever, shock, blood coagulation, weakness, diarrhea, inflmmation
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| Barriers of nonspecific resistance | show 🗑
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| Define nonspecific | show 🗑
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| show | Stem cells in the bone marrow
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| show | the innate immune system
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| T cells' job | show 🗑
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| show | Differentiate into plasma cells and form antibodies
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| PAMP | show 🗑
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| PRR | show 🗑
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| show | Phagocytes recognize PAMPs via a family of membrane bound PRRs. Phagocytes are activated to produce metabolic products that kill the pathogen and limit its effects
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| show | Pain, swelling, heat, redness
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| First half of Inflammation | show 🗑
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| Define antigen | show 🗑
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| Second half of Inflammation | show 🗑
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| How do dendritic cells start adaptive immune response? | show 🗑
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| CD8+ cells function | show 🗑
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| show | Activate B cells that become plasma cells, which make antibodies
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| Innate immune system: | show 🗑
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| show | Skin, gastrointestinal tract, airways, lungs, eyes, nasopharynx
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| show | Highly specialized; systemic cells and processes to eliminate and prevent pathogenic growth; activated by innate immune system
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| Cells used during adaptive immune system | show 🗑
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| show | Cells "remember" pathogens by their signature antigen. If the pathogen infects the body more than once, the cells are used to quickly eliminate it.
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| show | When a person becomes exposed to a pathogen, use the vaccine to destroy/cut virus into small pieces. Antibodies are produced and find virus cells to gather for macrophages to destroy.
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| show | "turn on" B cell for body to be ready when real sickness comes
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Created by:
rtate17
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