Enzymes, Plant and Animal Nutrition, Cellular Respiration
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| show | catabolism
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| show | They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
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| Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? | show 🗑
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| Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the | show 🗑
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| show | Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe.
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| Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell? | show 🗑
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| The organization of organisms has become increasingly complex with time. This statement | show 🗑
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| show | the heat content of a chemical system
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| show | It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
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| When chemical, transport, or mechanicalwork is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated? | show 🗑
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| show | The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.
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| How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction? | show 🗑
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| Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. The hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase results in | show 🗑
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| show | activation energy.
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| show | the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted.
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| show | Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.
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| The active site of an enzyme is the region that | show 🗑
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| show | The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site.
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| show | competitive inhibition
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| Which of the following is true of enzymes? | show 🗑
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| show | the ability of an enzyme to form a template for holding and joining molecules
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| Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the concentration of ATP in a cell? | show 🗑
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| When you have a severe fever, what may be a grave consequence if this is not controlled? | show 🗑
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| How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction? | show 🗑
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| show | feedback inhibition.
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| show | A substrate molecule bound to an active site affects the active site of several subunits.
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| Some enzymatic regulation is allosteric. In such casesm which of the following would usually be found? | show 🗑
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| show | the change in a protein's charge leading to a conformational change
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| show | compartmentalization of enzymes into defined organelles
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| An important group of peripheral membrane proteins are enzymes, such as the phospholipases that attack the head groups of phospholipids leading to the degradation of damaged membranes. What properties must these enzymes exhibit? | show 🗑
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| What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? | show 🗑
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| show | loses electrons and loses energy
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| show | The more electronegative atom is reduced & Energy is released.
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| show | Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).
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| show | oxidized.
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| When a molecule of NAD+ gaibs a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion) the molecule becomes | show 🗑
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| show | NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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| show | cytosol
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| The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by | show 🗑
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| show | accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
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| show | glycolysis
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| An electron loses potential energy when it | show 🗑
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| show | They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
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| Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis? | show 🗑
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| During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is | show 🗑
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| show | NADH and pyruvate
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| The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mole and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? | show 🗑
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| In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate | show 🗑
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| show | has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work.
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| What kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? | show 🗑
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| show | It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP.
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| show | active transport
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| Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule pyruvate? | show 🗑
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| show | mitochondrial matrix
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| How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate? | show 🗑
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| show | 1
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| show | α-ketoglutarate
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| show | 10
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| How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle? | show 🗑
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| Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three turns of the citric acid cycle? | show 🗑
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| show | oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
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| For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH2 molecules produced? | show 🗑
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| A. His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use in his mitochondria. | show 🗑
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| B. His mitochondria lack the transport protein that moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial membrane. | show 🗑
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| C. His cells have a defective electron transport chain, so glucose goes to lactate instead of to acetyl CoA. | show 🗑
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| D. chemiosmotic phosphorylation | show 🗑
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| E. converting oxygen to ATP | show 🗑
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| 96. During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? | show 🗑
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| NADH → ATP | show 🗑
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| E. glucose → ATP → electron transport chain → NADH | show 🗑
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| 97. Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? | show 🗑
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| B. mitochondrial matrix | show 🗑
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| C. mitochondrial outer membrane | show 🗑
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| E. mitochondrial intermembrane space | show 🗑
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| 98. During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level? | show 🗑
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| A. NAD+ | show 🗑
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| B. NADH | show 🗑
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| E. ADP + Pi | show 🗑
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| B. combine with carbon, forming CO2. | show 🗑
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| C. combine with lactate, forming pyruvate. | show 🗑
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| E. catalyze the reactions of glycolysis. | show 🗑
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| A. glycolysis → NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen | show 🗑
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| NADH → oxygen | show 🗑
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| B. molecular oxygen (O2) | show 🗑
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| D. glucose (C6H12O6) | show 🗑
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| E. lactate (C3H5O -) | show 🗑
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| 102. In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? | show 🗑
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| through the electron transport system | show 🗑
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| C. No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. | show 🗑
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| A. mitochondrial outer membrane | show 🗑
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| B. mitochondrial intermembrane space | show 🗑
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| E. mitochondrial inner membrane | show 🗑
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| A. oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. | show 🗑
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| B. the difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner | show 🗑
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| mitochondrial membrane. | show 🗑
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| C. the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. | show 🗑
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| E. the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. | show 🗑
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| 105. When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the | show 🗑
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| C. reduction of NAD +. | show 🗑
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| A. outer membrane B. inner membrane C. cytosol | show 🗑
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| D. electron transport chain | show 🗑
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| 107. It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial components. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane? | show 🗑
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| B. reduction of NAD + | show 🗑
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| A. 38 | show 🗑
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| C. 2 | show 🗑
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| 109. Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water? | show 🗑
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| B. oxidative phosphorylation | show 🗑
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| C. glycolysis | show 🗑
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| D. citric acid cycle | show 🗑
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| E. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA | show 🗑
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| 110. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) in cellular respiration? | show 🗑
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| A. 15 | show 🗑
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| B. 2 | show 🗑
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| C. 76 | show 🗑
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| E. 4 | show 🗑
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| 111. Assume a mitochondrion contains 58 NADH and 19 FADH2. If each of the 77 dinucleotides were used, approximately how many ATP molecules could be generated as a result of oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)? | show 🗑
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| D. 77 | show 🗑
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| E. 1102 | show 🗑
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| 112. Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose (C6H12O6) is transferred to storage in ATP as a result of the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water in cellular respiration? | show 🗑
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| 113. Recall that the complete oxidation of a mole of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy (ΔG = -686 kcal/mol). The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration | show 🗑
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| 114. What is proton-motive force? | show 🗑
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| B. the force required to remove an electron from hydrogen | show 🗑
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| A. It increases the surface for oxidative phosphoryation. | show 🗑
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| B. It increases the surface for substrate -level phosphorylation. | show 🗑
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| D. It allows for increased rate of the citric acid cycle. | show 🗑
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| Use the following to answer the following questions. | show 🗑
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| Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." These little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the memb | show 🗑
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| 116. After the first disruption, when electron transfer and ATP synthesize still occur, what must be present? | show 🗑
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| D. all of the electron transport system and the ability to add CoA to acetyl groups | show 🗑
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| E. all of the electron transport proteins as well as ATP synthase | show 🗑
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| A. cytochromes | show 🗑
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| E. ATP synthase, in whole or in part | show 🗑
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| 118. It should be possible to reconstitute the abilities of the vesicles if which of the following is added? | show 🗑
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| B. intact ATP synthase | show 🗑
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| C. more electrons | show 🗑
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| E. extra NADH | show 🗑
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| A. NADH | show 🗑
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| D. ATP synthase | show 🗑
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| E. cytochromes | show 🗑
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| 120. Which of the following describes ubiquinone? | show 🗑
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| B. a substrate for synthesis of FADH | show 🗑
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| E. a protein in the electron transport chain | show 🗑
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| C. fermentation | show 🗑
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| E. oxidative phosphorylation | show 🗑
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| (chemiosmosis) | show 🗑
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| 122. Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? | show 🗑
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| A. oxidative phosphorylation | show 🗑
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| B. glycolysis and fermentation | show 🗑
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| E. citric acid cycle | show 🗑
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| 123. Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? | show 🗑
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| A. glycolysis | show 🗑
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| B. the citric acid cycle | show 🗑
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| 125. In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of | show 🗑
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| A. ATP, NADH, and pyruvate. | show 🗑
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| B. ATP, pyruvate, and acetyl CoA. | show 🗑
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| D. ATP, CO2, and lactate. | show 🗑
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| E. ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol). | show 🗑
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| A. oxidation of NAD+ in the citric acid | show 🗑
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| C. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA | show 🗑
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| D. reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol | show 🗑
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| (ethyl alcohol) | show 🗑
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| 127. One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to | show 🗑
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| A. reduce NAD + to NADH. | show 🗑
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| B. reduce FAD+ to FADH2. C. reduce FADH2 to FAD+. D. oxidize NADH to NAD+. E. none of the above | show 🗑
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| A. Ancient prokaryotic cells, the most primitive of cells, made extensive use of glycolysis long before oxygen was present in Earth's atmosphere. | show 🗑
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| B. Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O2. | show 🗑
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| E. Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells. | show 🗑
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| 129. Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved? | show 🗑
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| A. It relies on chemiosmosis which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first cells-prokaryotic cells. | show 🗑
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| B. It is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen, and is present in most organisms. | show 🗑
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| C. It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells. | show 🗑
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| oxidative phosphorylation. | show 🗑
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| E. It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells. | show 🗑
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| B. It is converted to NAD+. | show 🗑
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| C. It is converted to alcohol. | show 🗑
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| D. It is taken to the liver and converted back to pyruvate. | show 🗑
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| A. remove oxygen from lactate | show 🗑
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| C. continue aerobic metabolism when skeletal muscle cannot | show 🗑
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| E. remove lactate from the blood | show 🗑
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| 132. You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave her body? | show 🗑
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| B. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body. | show 🗑
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| C. It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. | show 🗑
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| D. Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released. | show 🗑
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| E. It was released as CO2 and H2O. | show 🗑
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| 133. Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of | show 🗑
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| show |
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| fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, an early step of glycolysis. In the presence of oxygen, an increase in the amount ATP in a cell would be expected to | show 🗑
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| A. activate the enzyme and thus slow the | show 🗑
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| rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. | show 🗑
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| B. activate the enzyme and increase the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. | show 🗑
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| C. inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. | show 🗑
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| E. inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rate of glycolysis and the concentration of citrate. | show 🗑
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| 134. In vertebrate animals, brown fat tissue's color is due to abundant mitochondria. White fat tissue, on the other hand, is specialized for fat storage and contains relatively few mitochondria. Brown fat cells have a specialized protein that dissipates | show 🗑
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| proton-motive force across the mitochondrial membranes. Which of the following might be the function of the brown fat tissue? | show 🗑
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| phosphorylation from its few mitochondria | show 🗑
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| C. to increase the production of ATP | show 🗑
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| D. to regulate temperature by converting energy from NADH oxidation to heat | show 🗑
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| E. to allow the animals to regulate their metabolic rate when it is especially hot | show 🗑
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| B. feedback regulation | show 🗑
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| D. pyruvate | show 🗑
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| A. It makes cell elongation possible. | show 🗑
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| B. It is used as a solvent. | show 🗑
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| E. It is used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. | show 🗑
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| 138. A soil well suited for the growth of most plants would have all of the following properties except | show 🗑
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| A. abundant humus. | show 🗑
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| D. a high pH. | show 🗑
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| E. air spaces. | show 🗑
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| 139. In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. to provide oxygen to the root cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. to provide CO2 for photosynthesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed | show 🗑
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||||
| 140. What is the major function of nitrogen in plants? | show 🗑
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| 141. Which of the following best describes the general role of micronutrients in plants? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. They are necessary for the formation of cell walls. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| C. They prevent chlorosis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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| E. They are components of nucleic acids. | show 🗑
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||||
| 142. Which of the following is not true of micronutrients in plants? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. They are the elements required in relatively small amounts. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. They are required for a plant to grow from a seed and complete its life cycle. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. Overdoses of them can be toxic. | show 🗑
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| 143. What is meant by the term chlorosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. a contamination of glassware in hydroponic culture | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. release of negatively charged minerals such as chloride from clay particles in soil | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. the yellowing of leaves due to decreased chlorophyll production | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| E. the uptake of the micronutrient chlorine by a plant | show 🗑
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| show |
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|
||||
| A. releases nitrate from the rock substrate. | show 🗑
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| C. recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. | show 🗑
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| E. A and B | show 🗑
|
||||
| 145. Why is nitrogen fixation such an important process? | show 🗑
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||||
| A. Nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. Nitrogen fixation can only be done by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| C. Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. | show 🗑
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| 146. In what way do nitrogen compounds differ from other minerals needed by plants? | show 🗑
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||||
| show |
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|
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| show |
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|
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| D. Only nitrogen can be absorbed by root hairs. | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. Only nitrogen requires the action of bacteria to be made available to plants. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| A. N2. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. NH3. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. CN2H2. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| E. amino acids absorbed from the soil. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| A. NO-. | show 🗑
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||||
| show |
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|
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| C. N2. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. NH3. | show 🗑
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| show |
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| 149. In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. is found in the cells of the pericycle. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. is absent in active bacteroids. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. protects the nodule from nitrogen. | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. is part of the Rhizobium chromosome. | show 🗑
|
||||
| 150. Among important crop plants, nitrogen-fixing root nodules are most commonly an attribute of | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. wheat. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. corn. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. legumes. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
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| show |
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|
||||
| 151. If a plant is infected with Rhizobium, what is the probable effect on the plant? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. It gets chlorosis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. It becomes flaccid due to the loss of water from the roots | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. It dies. | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. It probably will grow faster | show 🗑
|
||||
| 152. You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots. You notice swellings (root nodules) on the roots. Most likely your plant | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| B. is infected with a parasite. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. suffers from a mineral deficiency. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. is benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| A. The process is relatively inexpensive in terms of ATP costs. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| C. The plant contributes the nitrogenase enzyme. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
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| show |
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|
||||
| 154. Which of the following is not a function of rhizobacteria? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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| show |
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|
||||
| 155. A woodlot was sprayed with a fungicide. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What would be the most serious effect of such spraying? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. an increase in the number of decomposing bacteria | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. an increase in rates of wood decay | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| 156. What is the mutualistic association between roots and fungi called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| C. nitrogen fixation | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. parasitism | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. mycorrhizae | show 🗑
|
||||
| 157. Hyphae form a covering over roots. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. aid in absorbing minerals and ions | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. maintain cell shape | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| E. anchor a plant | show 🗑
|
||||
| 158. Which of the following is a primary difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. Endomycorrhizae, but not ectomycorrhizae, form a dense sheath over the surface of the root. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| C. Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate root cells, whereas endomycorrhizae grow into invaginations of the root cell membranes. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| E. Ectomycorrhizae are found in woody plant species; about 85% of plant families form ectomycorrhizae. | show 🗑
|
||||
| 159. The earliest vascular plants on land had underground stems (rhizomes) but no roots. Water and mineral nutrients were most likely obtained by | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. diffusion through stomata. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. diffusion across the cuticle of the rhizome. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| D. osmosis through the root hairs. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| is best classified as | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. a symbiotic plant. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. a carnivorous plant. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. a nitrogen-fixing plant. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| 161. What are epiphytes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. aerial vines common in tropical regions | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts | show 🗑
|
||||
| 162. Carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that trap and digest small animals. The products of this digestion are used to supplement the plant's supply of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. carbohydrates. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. energy. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| A. glucose in the blood | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| D. fat in adipose tissue | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. calcium phosphate in bone | show 🗑
|
||||
| 164. An animal that migrates great distances | show 🗑
|
||||
| would obtain the greatest benefit from storing its energy as | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. amino acids. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| C. carbohydrates. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| E. proteins. | show 🗑
|
||||
| 165. Some nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of certain animals because | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| B. only those animals use the nutrients. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| A. is not found in many proteins. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| C. is less important than an essential amino acid. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. must be ingested in the diet. | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. is not used by the animal in biosynthesis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. They involve the addition of a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. Both require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. Both occur intracellularly in most organisms. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| A. absorption | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| C. elimination | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. ingestion | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. hydrolysis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. secretion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| 170. Increasing the surface area directly facilitates which of the following digestive processes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| 171. Which of the following is an advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| 172. Extracellular compartmentalization of digestive processes is an evolutionary adaptation in many animal phyla. Which of the following phyla is correctly paired with the compartment that first evolved in that phylum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. Arthropodastomach | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. Molluscalarge intestine | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. Annelidacomplete alimentary canal | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. elimination | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. regurgitation | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. dehydration synthesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| A. the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| E. voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation | show 🗑
|
||||
| 175. After ingestion, the first type of macromolecule to be worked on by enzymes in the human digestive system is | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. protein. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. nucleic acid. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. glucose. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| E. cholesterol | show 🗑
|
||||
| 176. What is the substrate of salivary amylase? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| 177. Which of the following statements is true of mammals? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. Enzyme production continues in the esophagus. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| C. All foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. The trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| A. They are normally an ingredient of gastric juice. | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. They are enzymes. | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. They emulsify fats in the duodenum. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. They are manufactured by the pancreas. | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. They increase the efficiency of pepsin action. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| B. monomers | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. disaccharides | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| E. peptides | show 🗑
|
||||
| 181. Which of the following enzymes has the lowest pH optimum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| D. lipase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| A. 1 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| C. 2 | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. 9 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| 183. Where does the complete digestion of carbohydrates occur? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. 4 only | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. 3 and 4 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| E. 1 and 4 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| A. 4 only | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. 3 only | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| E. 3 and 4 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| B. 7 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| D. 4 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| 186. In general, herbivorous mammals have molars modified for | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| 187. In which group of animals would you expect to find a relatively long cecum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. carnivores | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| C. herbivores D. omnivores E. autotrophs | show 🗑
|
||||
| 188. Which of the following are adaptations to a carnivorous diet? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. a rumen | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. broad, flat molars | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. amylase | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. ingestion of feces | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. bile salts | show 🗑
|
||||
| 189. In which of the following would you expect to find an enlarged cecum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. tubeworms that digest via symbionts | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. humans and other primates | show 🗑
|
||||
| C. carnivorous animals | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. tapeworms and other intestinal parasites | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears | show 🗑
|
||||
| Use the following information to answer the following questions. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits. The ob gene produces a satiety factor (the hormone leptin). The db gene product is required to respond to the satiety factor (the leptin receptor). | show 🗑
|
||||
| 190. Leptin is a product of adipose cells. Therefore, a very obese mouse would be expected to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| A. increased gene expression of ob and decreased expression of db | show 🗑
|
||||
| B. decreased transcription of both ob and | show 🗑
|
||||
| db | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| B. inhibition of leptin receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| E. supplementary leptin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
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|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| B. The excess is stored as glycogen. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| E. The excess is hydrolyzed. | show 🗑
|
||||
| 193. Which of the following hormone actions will occur when more energy is required by a human? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A. Both insulin and glucagon decrease. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| C. Blood glucagon increases. | show 🗑
|
||||
| D. Thyroid hormone is increased. | show 🗑
|
||||
| E. Both insulin and glucagon increase. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| A. glycogen, protein, fat | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| E. fat, protein, glycogen | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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