Intraoral Radiography
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| Alignment of central ray of x-ray beam in horizontal and vertical planes | angulation
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| intraoral technique of exposing periapical films | bisecting technique
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| type of radiograph used in the interprosimal examination | bitewing
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| x-ray at the center beam | central ray
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| area of the mesial or distal surfaces of a tooth that touches adjacent tooth in the same arch | contact area
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| coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth | crestal bone
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| impairment of mental or physical functioning that usually occurs before adulthood and lasts indefinitely | developmental disability
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| referring to radiographs with the proper images and necessary density,contrast, definition,and detail for diagnostic purposes | diagnostic quality
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| between two adjacent surfaces | interproximal
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| cuting across or through | intersecting
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| imaginary line dividing the tooth longitudinally(vertically) into two equal halves | loong axis of the tooth
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| used to examine large areas of teh upper or lower jaw | occlusal technique
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| moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance | parallel
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| intraoral technique of exposing periapical and bitewing radiographs | paralleling technique
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| intersecting at or forming a right angle | perpendicular
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| impairment in certain functions(s) of the body, such as vision, hearing or mobility | physical disability
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| angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other | right angle
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| even the most skilled operators can do what | make errors
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| the ability to recognize errors and to know the steps to take to prevent their recurrence is what | most important
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| what is the abreviation for an intraoral full mouth survey | FMX
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| a full mouth survey contains which type of radiographs | both periapical and bitewing
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| the _radiograph shows the upper and lower teeth in occlusion, only the crowns and a small portion of the root are seen. | bitewing
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| the bitewing radiograph is used for: | detecting interproximal decay, periodontal disease, recurrent decay under restorations and the fit of metallic fillings or crowns
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| The _____ radiograph shows the entire tooth from occlusal surface or incisal edge to about 2 to 3 mm beyond the apex to show the periapical bone. | periapical
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| the periapical radiograph is used to: | diagnose pathologic conditions of the tooth,root and bone as well as tooth formation and eruption
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| For the average adult a FMX consists of how many films | generally 18-20
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| when taking a FMX which area is the region in which the number of films usually varies | anterior area
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| when taking a FMX in the anterior region and you are using the bisecting technique which size of film would you use and how many would you take | 3, on each arch size # 2
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| when taking a FMX in the anterior region and you are using the paralleling technique which size of film would you use and how many would you take | 3 -4 on each arch size # 1
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| what are the two basic techniques for obtaining periapical x-rays | paralleling and bisecting techniques
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| Why is the paralleling technique recommended over the bisecting technique | becuuse it provides the most accurate image with the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient
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| in which situations would the operator need to use the bisecting technique over the paralleling technique | if the pt has a small mouth, shallow palate, tori
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| the paralleling technique is also known as what | extension cone paralleling ( XCP) right angle or long cone technique
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| what are the 5 basic rules to following when using the paralleling technique | film placement, film position, vertical angulation,horizontal angulation and central ray
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| when using the paralleling technique how must the film be positioned | parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
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| when using the paralleling technique how must the film holder be placed | away from the teeth and toward the middle of the mouth
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| when using the paralleling technique what does it mean when we are talking about vertical angulation | the central ray of teh x-ray beam must be directed perpendicular ( right angles ) to the film and the long axis of the tooth
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| what does it mean when we are talking about horizontal angulation when using the paralleling technique | the central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed through the contact areas between the teeth
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| failure to center the central ray on the film will result in what | partail image or cone cut
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| when exposing periapical films with teh paralleling technique where does the book say you should always start | with the anterior teeth
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| why does the book say you should start with anterior teeth | the film size # 1 is small and is easier for patients to tolerate,patients adapt more easily to the anterior film holder,less likely to gag
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| what color is the anterior XCP ring/rod system | blue
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| what color is the posterior XCP ring/rod system | Yellow
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| what color is the bitewing XCP rint/rod system | RED
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| the bisecting technique is based on what principle | the geometric principle of equally dividing a triangle
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| where should you uplace the film when using the bisecting technique | directly against the teeth to be radiographed
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| whith the bisecting technique the angle formed by the ____ and the __________ is bisected into two equal parts | long axes of the teeth , film
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| when bisecting where is the xrya beam directed | perpendicular to the bisecting line
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| what is the major disadvantage of the bisecting technique | images on the film are dimensionally distored
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| when using the bisecting technique what should you never do | have the patient hold the film in their mouth with their finger
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| what types of film holders can you use for bisecting | the BAI, the Stabe bite block, the EeZee grip formerly known as the snap a ray
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| in the bisecting technique what is critical | the angulation of the PID
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| how can angulation be changed | by moving the PID in a horizontal or vertical direction
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| what does incorrect horizontal angulation result in | overlapped contact areas
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| incorrect vertical angulation results in what | image that is not the same length as the tooth that is being xrayed. the image appears longer or shorter ( elongated or foreshortened )
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| which technique is always used for bitewing radiographs | paralleling
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| how is the # of bitewing films to take determined | based on the curvature of the arch and the number of teeth present in the posterior areas
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| which is to be included in the premolar bitewing radiograph | distal half of the crowns of the canines, both premolars and often the first molars on both maxillary and manibular arches
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| when exposing a molar bitewing radiograph where should the film be centered | over the second molars
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| the occlusal technique is named this because | the patient bites or cooludes the entire film
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| when exposing a maxillary occlusal film where does the white side of the film go | toward the occlusal/incisal edges
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| when exposing a maxillary occlusal film how is the PID directed | at +65 degrees through the center of the film
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| when exposing a maxillary occlusal film where is the PID placed in relation to the patients face | between the eyebrows on the bridge of the nose
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| when exposing a mandibular occlusal film how is the PID directed | at 90 degree angle to the center of the film packet, should be centered about 1 inch below the chin
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| what does edentulous mean | with out teeth
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| For paritally edentulous patients, film holding instruments can be used by doing what | placing a cotton roll on the bite block where the crowns of the missing teeth would have been
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| what size of film is recommended for use in pediatric patients | 0
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| which film placement is the one most likely to cause the gag reflex | maxillary molar
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| in some extreme cases where the patient has an uncontrollable gag reflex what can you do to obtain radiographs | use extraoral radiographs such as a panoramic or lateral jaw films
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| processed radiographs must be arranged in what order | anatomic
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| what information must always be on the film mounts | patients name, date of exposure, dentists name and address ( if room )
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| which two methods can be used when mounting radiographs | labial mounting method and mounting with the raised dots facing down
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| in the labial methond the films are placed in the mount with the raised dots facing which way | up ( toward you )
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| In the labial mounting method the radiographs are viewed as if the viewere is looking: | directly at the patient so the patients left side is on the viewers right side
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