AP Psychology Learning Vocabulary
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| show | a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
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| show | learning that certain events occur together; the events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)
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| show | a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli; a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus
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| behaviorism | show 🗑
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| show | in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimuli (UCS), such as salivation when food is in the mouth
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| unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | show 🗑
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| show | in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)
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| conditioned stimulus (CS) | show 🗑
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| acquisition | show 🗑
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| show | the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
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| show | the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response
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| generalization | show 🗑
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| discrimination | show 🗑
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| operant conditioning | show 🗑
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| respondent behavior | show 🗑
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| show | behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences
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| show | Thorndike's principle that behaviors followers by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
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| show | a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking; used in operant conditioning research
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| show | an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal
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| imprinting | show 🗑
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| reinforcer | show 🗑
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| show | an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
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| show | a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as secondary reinforcer
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| show | reinforcing that desired response every time it occurs
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| show | reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement
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| show | in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
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| variable-ratio schedule | show 🗑
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| fixed-interval schedule | show 🗑
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| variable-interval schedule | show 🗑
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| punishment | show 🗑
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| show | a mental representative of the layout of one's environment; for example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it
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| show | learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
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| show | the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do; the person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task
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| show | a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective
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| extrinsic motivation | show 🗑
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| show | learning by observing others
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| show | the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
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| mirror neurons | show 🗑
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| show | positive , constructive, helpful behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior
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