AP Psychology Learning Vocabulary
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| show | a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
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| show | learning that certain events occur together; the events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)
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| show | a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli; a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus
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| show | the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most research psychologists today agree with (1) and not with (2)
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| unconditioned response (UCR) | show 🗑
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| unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | show 🗑
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| show | in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)
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| show | in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response
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| acquisition | show 🗑
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| show | the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
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| spontaneous recovery | show 🗑
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| show | the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
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| show | in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguished between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
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| operant conditioning | show 🗑
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| show | behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning
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| operant behavior | show 🗑
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| law of effect | show 🗑
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| operant chamber (Skinner box) | show 🗑
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| shaping | show 🗑
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| show | the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
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| show | in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
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| show | an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
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| show | a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as secondary reinforcer
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| show | reinforcing that desired response every time it occurs
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| partial reinforcement | show 🗑
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| fixed-ratio schedule | show 🗑
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| variable-ratio schedule | show 🗑
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| show | in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces only after a specified time has elapsed
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| variable-interval schedule | show 🗑
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| punishment | show 🗑
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| cognitive maps | show 🗑
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| latent learning | show 🗑
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| over-justification effect | show 🗑
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| show | a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective
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| show | a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
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| show | learning by observing others
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| show | the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
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| mirror neurons | show 🗑
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| show | positive , constructive, helpful behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior
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