Module 9
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Authentication | The process of identifying an individual, usually based on a username and password.
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| Backdoor | Also called a trapdoor. An undocumented way of gaining access to a program, online service or an entire computer system.
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| Digital certificate | An attachment to an electronic message used for security purposes. The most common use of a digital certificate is to verify that a user sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply.
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| Encryption | The translation of data into a secret code
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| Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) | a system of digital certificates, Certificate Authorities, and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in an Internet transaction.
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| Public Key Encryption | A cryptographic system that uses two keys -- a public key known to everyone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of the message.
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| Rootkit | a type of malicious software that is activated each time your system boots up.
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| Social Engineering | In the realm of computers, the act of obtaining or attempting to obtain otherwise secure data by conning an individual into revealing secure information.
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| Zero-fill Utility | To place leading zeros in the portion of a field to the left of a numeric value.
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| Security Policies | •External and internal policies are typically applied •Policies are developed, enacted, observed and maintained •Driven by various standards/laws: HIPPA, FERPA, ISO 17799 & 27002, NIST, etc.
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| Security policies Two goals | protect assets and allows access (often a balance due to the inherent conflict)
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| Access Control | oPerformed by a combination of authentication and authorization oApplied at multiple levels oRequires the use of strong credentials and good resource-access design
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| Which Access Control method requires a user to prove their identity? | Authentication
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| Where are power-on passwords assigned? | Assigned in Bios setup and kept in CMOS Ram
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| Authentication Technologies | oUsed in larger network environments oUsername/password, PIN, Biometrics, Smart card, or combination
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| Vista’s default authentication protocol is: | Kerberos
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| Administrator Account | oDefault use of was the downfall of Windows Operating Systems through XP oVista brought significant change in philosophy oUse of the administrator account should be limited to administrative duties
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| Standard Account | oAccount type recommended for day-to-day use
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| File/Folder Protection | oMultiple methods of securing files and folders oSharing, visible/hidden, encrypted, password protection
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| What location on a Vista PC is intended as the location for folders and files that all uses share? | c:users\public
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| Equipment | oPhysical protection levels should match data value levels oHardware and software techniques
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| Encryption (NTFS) | oMethod to protect information by forcing translation oVarious methods available depending on OS version oVarious techniques applied at different levels oEncrypted files may be shared, encrypted folders may not
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| How are encrypted files displayed in Windows Explorer? | Displayed in Green
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| The quickest way to lock a Windows workstation is: | Windows Key and L
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| Infection occurs | when malware has penetrated the defenses
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| Malware is often categorized by | intent, action, spreading techniques
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| Virus | various types, replicates, often needs a host file
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| Adware | often not malicious but annoying, comes with free programs
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| Spyware | various types, collect data to report, benign to severely malicious
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| Worm | similar to a virus, replicates, does not require a host file
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| Browser Hijacker | alters browser settings
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| Spam | unwanted/junk email, often the result of distant malware on another’s PC
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| Virus Hoax | often “nice” email or false virus information
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| Phishing | act of Social Engineering, baiting a user to give out personal information
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| Logic Bomb | time or action dependent routine that runs to perform malicious act
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| Trojan | malware masquerading as legitimate program
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| Rootkit | old UNIX term, now used to describe malware with advanced hiding ability
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| Identify the best way to protect against a worm: | Firewall
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| The most common viruses spread by email are: | Macro viruses
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| How does (using) Firefox enhance security on a Windows PC? | Its an alternate client sorfware
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| Social Engineering | oPractice of manipulating people with malicious intent oIncludes phishing, email scams, virus hoaxes and others oMay involve script use taking advantage of normally hidden filename extensions
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| Routine Security Maintenance | •Effective password policy •OS and security/antimalware software: enabled, updated, routinely run •Monitor events (Event Viewer) •Monitor fault tolerance activities, test the recovery plan •Schedule and perform system maintenance
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| What is the best way to erase everything on a hard drive? | use hard drive manufactuer zero-fill utility
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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