Linux Study Guide - Linux Filesystem Management
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| /bin directory | The directory that contains binary commands for use by all users.
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| /boot directory | The directory that contains the Linux kernel and files used by the boot loader data block.
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| /dev directory | The directory that contains device files.
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| /etc directory | The directory that contains system-specific configuration files.
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| /home directory | The default location for user home directories.
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| /lib directory | The directory that contains shared program libraries (used by the commands in /bin and /sbin) as well as kernel modules.
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| /media directory | A directory typically used for mounting removable media devices.
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| /mnt directory | An empty directory used for temporarily mounting media.
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| /opt directory | The directory that stores additional software programs.
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| /proc directory | The directory that contains process and kernel information.
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| /root directory | The root user’s home directory.
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| /sbin directory | The directory that contains system binary commands (used for administration).
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| /tmp directory | The directory that holds temporary files created by programs.
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| /usr directory | The directory that contains most system commands and utilities.
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| /usr/local directory | The location for most additional programs.
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| /var directory | The directory that contains log files and spools.
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| chgrp (change group) command | The command used to change the group owner of a file or directory.
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| chmod (change mode) command | The command used to change the mode (permissions) of a file or directory.
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| chown (change owner) command | The command used to change the owner and group owner of a file or directory.
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| cp (copy) command | The command used to create copies of files and directories.
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| data blocks | A filesystem allocation unit in which the data that makes up the contents of the file as well as the filename are stored.
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| Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) | A standard outlining the location of set files and directories on a Linux system.
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| find command | The command used to find files on the filesystem using various criteria.
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| Group | When used in the mode of a certain file or directory, the collection of users who have ownership of that file or directory.
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| hard link | A file joined to other files on the same filesystem that shares the same inode.
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| Inode | The portion of a file that stores information on the file’s attributes, access permissions, location, ownership, and file type.
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| inode table | The collection of inodes for all files and directories on a filesystem.
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| interactive mode | The mode that file management commands use when a file can be overwritten; the system interacts with a user, asking the user to confirm the action.
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| ln (link)command | The command used to create hard and symbolic links.
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| locate command | The command used to locate files from a file database.
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| mkdir (make directory) command | The command used to create directories.
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| Mode | The part of the inode that stores information on access permissions.
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| mv (move) command | The command used to move/rename files and directories.
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| Other | When used in the mode of a certain file or directory, it refers to all users on the Linux system.
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| Owner | The user whose name appears in a long listing of a file or directory and who has the ability to change permissions on that file or directory.
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| PATH variable | A variable that stores a list of directories that will be searched in order when commands are executed without an absolute or relative pathname.
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| Permissions | A list that identifies who can access a file or folder and their level of access.
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| primary group | The default group to which a user belongs.
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| Recursive | A term referring to itself and its own contents; a recursive search includes all subdirectories in a directory and their contents.
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| rm (remove) command | The command used to remove files and directories.
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| rmdir (remove directory) command | The command used to remove empty directories.
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| source file/directory | The portion of a command that refers to the file or directory from which information is taken.
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| Superblock | The portion of a filesystem that stores critical information, such as the inode table and block size.
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| symbolic link | A pointer to another file on the same or another filesystem; commonly referred to as a shortcut.
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| target file/directory | The portion of a command that refers to the file or directory to which information is directed.
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| touch command | The command used to create new files. It was originally used to update the time stamp on a file.
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| Umask | A special variable used to alter the permissions on all new files and directories by taking away select default file and directory permissions.
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| umask command | The command used to view and change the umask variable.
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| User | When used in the mode of a certain file or directory, the owner of that file or directory.
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| which command | The command used to locate files that exist within directories listed in the PATH variable.
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