BIOL1020
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| Genetic drift | unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next because of a population's finite size. by chance
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| Gene flow | genetic additions to or subtractions from a population resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or gametes
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| Mutation | a change in the dna of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
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| Natural selection | Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Evolution occurs when natural selection causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool.
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| Directional selection | a pattern of natural selection in which individuals with one particular extreme phenotype have higher fitness than individuals with an average phenotype or with the other extreme of the phenotype. a change in mean
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| Disruptive selection | A pattern of natural selection in which induviduals with an extreme phenotype (at either end of the range) have higher fitness than individuals with average phenotypes. favours extreme phenotypes
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| Stabilizing selection | a pattern of natural selection in which individuals with an average phenotype have higher fitness than those with an extreme phenotype. favours intermediate phenotypes
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| what are the 3 sources of genetic variation | random mutations, sexual recombination and diploidy, and population level processes
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| What does the Hardy-weinberg equilibrium theory state? | That random mating and allelic frequencies remain constant
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| What are gene pools characterized by? | Allele frequency
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| define evolution | a change in the frequency of alleles over space and time in the gene pool of a reproducing population
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| How can allele frequency change? | New mutations, non-random mating (inbreeding), gene flow (transfer of alleles from 1 gene pool to another), random chance (genetic drift) and natural selection
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| Polymorphism in coding sequence of a gene changes the _______ of the resultant protein | Nature
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| Polymorphism in regulatory element of a gene changes the _______ of the resultant protein | amount
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