Vocabulary from our unit on Language of the Stock Market
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| Stock Market | A general term used to describe all transactions involving the buying and selling of stock shares issued by a company.
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| Stock | A share of ownership in the assets and earnings of a business.
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| Stock Certificate | The piece of paper a shareholder receives representing their ownership of a stock.
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| Portfolio Diversification | An individual who has a variety of investments tools to decrease risk.
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| Investment Risk | The uncertainty about the outcome of an investment.
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| Rate of Return | The increase or decrease in the original purchase price of an investment.
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| Common Stock | Shares or units of ownership in a public corporation. The shareholder has voting rights in the corporation.
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| Stock Split | Shares owned by existing stockholders are divided into a larger number of shares.
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| Dividends | Distributions of earnings paid to stockholders.
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| Preferred Stock | Shares which pay fixed dividends and have precedence over common stock.
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| Par Value | The fixed value stated on a preferred stock certificate which indicates the dividends which will be paid to the shareholder.
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| Market Price | The amount a willing buyer will pay a willing seller for a stock.
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| Growth Stock | A stock from a company which has a consistent record of relatively rapid growth and earnings in all economic conditions.
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| Income Stock | A stock which pays higher than average dividends because the company chooses to retain only a small portion of the profits.
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| Value Stock | Stock from a company which has a low market price considering historical earning records and value of current assets.
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| Countercyclical Stock | Stock from a company which gives consistent records of returns even when the economy is suffering because their product is always in demand.
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| Cyclical Stock | A stock which is greatly influenced by changes in the economic business cycle.
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| Speculative Stock | A very high risk stock from a company with potential for substantial earnings in the future.
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| Blue Chip Stock | Stock from nationally recognized companies which dominate the industry often having annual revenue of $1 billion or more.
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| Book Value | Net worth of a company.
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| Earnings Per Share | How much income a company has available to pay in dividends and reinvest as retained earnings on a per share basis.
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| Price/earning Ratio | Relationship between the price of one share of stock and the annual earnings of the company.
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| Beta | A measure of a stock’s volatility compared to changes in the overall stock market.
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| Year to Date | Stock price percent change from January 1st.
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| 52 Week High | The highest price a stock was sold for in the past 52 weeks.
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| 52 Week Low | The lowest price a stock was sold for in the past 52 weeks.
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| Stock Ticker Symbol | A stock's abbreviated trading symbol name.
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| Dividends per Share | Total cash paid to common stockholders per share.
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| Dividend Yield Percentage | The dividend expressed as a percentage of the price of the share.
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| Volume 100’s | Number of transactions to the share on the reported day, represented in hundreds.
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| High Selling Price | Highest selling price of one share of stock from the previous day.
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| Low Selling Price | Lowest selling price of one share of stock from the previous day.
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| Close | The price of the last share sold for the day.
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| Net Change | Difference between the closing price of the share from the prior day and the current day.
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| Dow Jones Industrial | Oldest indicator of the ups and downs of the stock market. Lists the 30 leading industrial blue chip stocks.
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| Standard and Poor’s 500 Index | Tracks the stock market activity for 500 stocks.
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| NASDAQ | Monitors fast moving technology and financial services stocks. Usually the companies are smaller and transactions occur over an electronic market.
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| Bear Market | The market is doing poorly and investors are not confident in the economy. Investors are not purchasing stocks and are selling what is already owned.
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| Bull Market | The market is doing well and investors are optimistic about the economy and purchasing stocks.
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| Broker | A person who is licensed to buy and sell stocks, provides investment advice, and collects a commission on each purchase or sale.
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| New York Stock Exchange | The oldest and largest exchange with the strictest company standards.
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| American Stock Exchange | The second largest exchange with less stringent requirements allowing for younger, smaller companies to be listed.
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| Regional Stock Exchange | Stocks traded to investors who are living in a specific geographical area.
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