Cisco Networking Basics Studystack
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| data network | communication system between computers
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| network | communication systems between computer capable of carrying more than just character information.
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| internet | global network of computers and servers and networks.
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| download | a package of information that one gets from online or network source.
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| instant messaging | text communication between two people based on the previous IRC technology.
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| real-time | communication that is happening quickly so that it mimicks real converstation.
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| blogs | webpages that people publish information about themselves or topics individually online.
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| podcasts | audio based medium that can be played cross platform and be easily distributed.
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| wikis | a collaboration tool for housing large amounts of information needing to be used by many people.
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| Packet Tracer | Cisco program to build virtual networks for learning purposes.
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| intranet | internal network of computers
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| extranet | internal network that can be accessed by external sources
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| wireless technology | the tech that allows for network signals to be sent via the air or through to space.
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| standards | rules for the normalization of technology across industries.
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| source | originating device of a message.
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| router | device that direct messages between networks
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| cloud | symbol for computers outside the internal network and often the internet
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| TCP.IP | Transmission control protocol and internet protocol
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| www | http
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| smtp or pop
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| instant message | xmpp or oscar
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| ip telephone | sip
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| HTTP | Hypertext Transmission Protocol
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| SMTP | Simple Mail Transport Protocol
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| POP | Post Office Protocol
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| OSCAR | Open System for Communication in Real-Time
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| SIP | Session Initiation Protocol
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| network architecture | refers to the conceptual plan for building a physical network
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| Fault Tolerance | redundancies in a network that prevent one issue bringing down the network.
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| Scalability | ability for a network to grow without redesign
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| internetwork | two or more networks that combine with scalability
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| ISP | Internet Service Provider
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| authentification | requiring robust password protection
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| firewalls | programs that prevent unauthorized access to a network or computer
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| single points of failure | A point in the network that if lost would stop the whole network from working.
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| QoS | Quality of Service
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| QoS Purpose | Prevents packet loss on congested networks
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| bandwidth | max internet speed or communication speed to a computer or internet connection.
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| Priority Queuing | Process of putting some information processing before others.
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| authentication | process used to verify the identity of a person or process
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| authoritative | a source of information that is highly reliable.
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| back-off algorithm | the retransmission delay used with CSMA.CD when a collision occurs. The algorith forces each sender that dtected the collisions to delay a random amount of time before attempting to retransmit.
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| bandwidth | the networking, a measurement of the speed of bits that can be transmitted over a particular link.
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| best-effort | Network protocol or technologies that do not use the acknowledgement system to guarantee reliable delivery of information.
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| binary | a number system characterized by 1 or 0's
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| bit | binary digit
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| bit time | The time required to send a single bit over transmission medium. The time calculated as 1/speed where speed is the number of bits that can be sent over the medium.
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| bridge | A device that connects multiple netowkr segments at the data link layer of the OSI model. Bridges were predecessor to LAN switches.
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| bridge table | The table used by a swtich or bridge that associates MAC Addresses with the outoging port. The switch or bridge uses this bale for warding/filtering decisions.
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| bridging | the process of forwarding frames in a switch or a bridge from one port to another port or from segment to segment
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| broadcast | a form of tranmission where one device transmits to all devices within the network or on another network.
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| broadcast address | An address used to represent a transmission from one device to all devices. In Ethernet, the special ethernet address FFFF.FFFF.FFFF us used as a destination MAC Address to cause a frame to be sent to all devices on the LAN.
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| broadcast domain | A logical network composed of all the computers and networking devices the can be reached by sending a frame to the data link layer broadcast address.
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| burned in address | BIA: The MAC address that is permanently assigned to a LAN interface or NIC. This address cannot be changed.
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| chache | a temp storage where data has been retrieved or calculated and is accessed frequently can be stored.
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| carrier | a signal on a medium used to support the transmission of data. Data is carried over the medium by modulation.
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| carrier sense multiple access | CSMA: Medium Access Methodology in which a node is wishing to transmit listens for a carrier wave before trying to send.
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| Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Avoid | CSMA/CA The MAC Algorithm used by ethernet devices in a shred media. The protocol requires a node wishing to transmit to listen for a carrier signal before trying to send. If a carrier sensed the node waitins for the transmission in progress to finis
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| channel | a communication path over a meduim used to transport information from a sender to a receiver.
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| channel service unit/data service unit | a device that connects a local digital telephone loop for a WAN circuit to a serial interface on a network device, typically connecting to a router.
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| Classful Addressing | A unicast IP address that has 3 parts: a network part, a subnet part and a host part. This addressing is not generally practice in current network implementation.
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| Classless Addressing | An IPv4 addressing scheme that uses a subnet mask. This allows for greater flexibility and is considered the best current addressing system.
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| client | A network device that access a service on a another computer remotely.
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| cloud | In networking a cloud symbol represents a part of the network whose details can be ignored.
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| Coaxial Cable | Cable consisting of a hallow outer jacket around an insulator around a single conducting wire.
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| code group | A group of code that meets a certain consider for entering a group.
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| Collaboration Tool | This is software that allows for people to collaborate over a network or the internet.
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| collaborative | Information system that allows for the creation of documents that can be edited by more than 1 person at a time.
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| collision | In ethernet the result of 2 nodes transmitting at the same time. The signal is damaged when this happens.
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| collision domain | An area within the network where collisions may occur.
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| connection-oriented | Communication where the send and receiver must pre-arrange for communication to occur.
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| connectionless | Any communication where the sender and receiver do not have to pre-arrange for their communication to occur.
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| console port | A port on a Cisco device to while a terminal or computer is connected to a network device in order to communicate and configure that device.
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| control data | Data that directs a process.
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| convergence | A network that handles multiple different kinds of traffic and recognizes the network traffic and changes the routing based on the traffic.
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| crossover cable | A UTP cable used in ethernet where some of the terminations are changed on the 2 RJ-45 ends.
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| CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check | A type of has function or one way encryption that is used to producea small fixed-size checksum. This is used in communication to insure packet integrity.
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| daemon | A computer program that runs in the background and us usually initaled as a process. Daemons often support server processes.
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| data | Application layer protocol data unit
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| DCE Data Communication Equipment | The devices and connection that make up a communications network. These are all the physical componenets of a network. This does not refer to the users end equipment.
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| data network | A gigital network used to send data between computers.
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| DTE Data terminal equipment | This is the user side equipment involved in getting information from a network or sending information onto a network or DCE.
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| decapsulation | A process by which an end device begins sending the information backup through the OSI layers.
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| default gateway | A device on a network that serves as an access point to otehr networks. This is used by the host to forward packets outside the network.
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| default route | Routing table entry ths is used to direct frames for which a next hop is not explicitly listed in teh routing table.
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| delimiter | This field of a fram signals the begining or end of a frame.
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| destination IP Address | The Layer 3 address to which the data is going.
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| deterministic | REfers to wheather the performance of a device can be accurately perdicted.
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| digital logic | Also known as Boolean algedra. AND OR and IF
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| directed broadcast | A term that descirbes and IPv4 packses sent to all host in a network.
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| directly connected network | A network that is connected to a devices interface.
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| Dispersion | The spreading of a light signal caused by light traveling at different speeds down the wires.
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| distrubuted | A method of computer process in which each computer processes a smaller part of the data and then the information is recompiled.
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| DNS Resovler | The client part of the DNS server mechanism. A DNS Resovles rcreates queries sent acress a network to a neame server and interprts the responses and returns information to the program requesting it.
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| domain name | A dname as defined by DNS. This uniquely identifies a computer in the Internets. This also refer tot he part of the URL that identifies a single computer or organization like ciscopress.com
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| Domain Name Service | An internet wide system by which a set of DNS servers collectively hold the name-ip addres mapping where we are able to resolve domain names.
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