DH-
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| Fibroma formation where patient has been cheek biting | Reactive Connective Tissue Hyperplasia
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| Glandular component of breasts in nursing mothers | Hyperplasia
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| Size of one kidney when the other is removed | Hypertrophy
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| Squamous cell carcinoma | Neoplasia
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| Skeletal muscles when exercised | Hypertrophy
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| Epulis Fissuratum | Reactive Connective Tissue Hyperplasia
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| Tongue thrust habit | Hypertrophy
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| Pyogenic Granuloma | Reactive Connective Tissue Hyperplasia
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| Pulp Polyp | Reactive Connective Tissue Hyperplasia
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| Squamous Papilloma | Neoplasia
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| Patient's fractured right ankle has been immobilized with a cast for the past 6 weeks. Appearance of that ankle when the cast is removed | Atrophy
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| Increase in the size of an organ as a result of increase in the size of cells is defined as | Hypertrophy
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| On medical history, patient indicates he is being treated for Epilepsy. On examination, gingival enlargement in papillary areas is noticed by the clinician. This gingival enlargement is caused by: | Phenytoin
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| Papillary hyperplasia is an oral lesion | in the vault of the palate due to denture irritation
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| statements about Neoplasia | It means 'New Growth'
It exhibits unlimited growth
It exhibits unregulated growth
The cells undergo irreversible change
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| occur on the gingiva | Pyogenic granuloma
Irritation fibroma
Pregnancy tumor
Dilantin hyperplasia
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| Formation of keratin over surface of oral mucosa | represents a protective response
is analogous to a callus formation on the skin
cannot be wiped off
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| Syphilis is | an infection caused by this microorganism -
Treponema Pallidum - is a spirochete in the Bacterial species
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| lesions found in the PRIMARY | Chancre
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| lesions found in the SECONDARY | Mucous patches
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| lesions found in the Tertiary | Gumma
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| other name for Hypoplasia of incisors and molars | Hutchinson's incisors & Mulberry molars
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| Interstitial Keratitis cause | blindness
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| Eighth Nerve Deafness | Auditory nerve damage
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| HUTCHINSON'S TRIAD | 1. Hypoplasia of incisors and molars (Hutchinson's incisors & Mulberry molars)
2. Interstitial Keratitis (Causing blindness)
3. Eighth Nerve Deafness (Auditory nerve damage)
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| Lesion extending above the surface of mucosa | Exophytic
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| Abnormal looking cells on biopsy examination, with no orientation to original cells or to one another | Anaplastic
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| Malignant tumor arising from epithelial tissues | Carcinoma
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| Occuring in various forms | Pleomorphic
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| Any white plaque like lesion of oral mucosa | Leokoplakia
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| Cells stained intensely on biopsy examination | Hyperchromatic
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| Tumor arising fromtooth forming tissues | Odontogenic
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| When a tumor actively spreads to surrounding tissues | Invasion
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| Malignant connective tissue tumor | Sarcoma
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| Trasport of tumor cells from the primary site to secondary sites | Metastasis
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| Define Hyperplasia | an increase in the number of cells - can increase the overall size of the organ. With hyperplasia, normal cells proliferate in a normal arrangement in response to the stimulus (or need). The proliferation stops when the stimulus (or need) is gone.
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| Define Hypertrophy | an increase in the size of individual cells of the organ, whereby increasing the overall size of the organ in order to meet an increased functional demand
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| Define Reactive connective tissue hyperplasia |
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| Atrophy | decrease in size and function of an organ, due mainly to 'disuse'.
immobilization of fractured leg or arm with plaster cast. The immobilized leg or arm will show 'atrophy', whereas the opposite leg or arm will become 'hypertrophied'
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| causes of 'Atrophy' are | 1. changes in cellular growth
2. malnutrition
3. pressure
4. ischemia
5. hormonal changes
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| Neoplasia | new growth.
In this type of tissue response, cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation. The term 'tumor' is used to indicate 'neoplasia' .
Is an abnormal process. The cellular changes are irreversible, and uncontrollable.
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| Describe: Epulis fissuratum |
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| Describe: Papillary hyperplasia of palate |
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| Describe: Gingival enlargement |
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| Describe: Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis |
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| Describe: pulp polyp |
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| Describe: Pyogenic granuloma |
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| Describe: Giant cell granuloma |
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| Describe: Irritation fibroma |
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| Examples of Hyperplasia | - Gland component of breasts in nursing mothers
- Lymph node enlargement in infection
- Callus formation on the skin
Hypercementosis
- Frictional Keratosis & Linea Alba
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| Cervical Lymphadenopathy | Lymph node enlargement in infection
May be combination of hyperplasia & hypertrophy
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| Neoplasia | New growth :Uncontrolled & irregular proliferation of cells
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| Anaplastic | When proliferating cells do not look like the original cells, look very abnormal and each cell may look so different than the remaining cells (Loss of differentiation and loss of orientation to one another)
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| Benign | fairly harmless, possibility for recovery , treatable and can have a good prognosis.
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| Exophytic | Lesion extending above the surface of mucosa
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| Carcinoma | Malignant epithelial tumor
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| Central | within bone
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| Dysplasia | Disorganized growth with no orderly arrangement or shape of cells. A sign of malignancy
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| Capsule | a sac of fibrous connective tissue
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| Encapsulated | surrounded by a capsule
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| Hyperchromatic | cells that are stained intensely when studied under the microscope (Darkly stained than normal cells) . This is a sign of 'Malignant cells'
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| In Situ | A lesion that is situated in one spot only without invading tissues around it. (Confined locally)
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| Invasion | actively spreading to surrounding tissues, deeper tissues and destroying them. A sign of malignancy
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| Primary lesion | A tumor of initial occurance
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| Secondaries | this is the term given to subsequent tumors that are formed due to trasport of tumor cells from the primary tumor.
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| Metastasis | transport or spread of tumor cells from the primary tumor to other sites to form 'secondaries'.
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| Malignant | a lesion when examined by a biopsy and found to have anaplasia, dysplasia, hyperchromatic cells and there is invasion of surrounding tissues. These tumors may have uncontrolled growth, be resistant to treatment, they can metastsize and can recur.
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| Leukoplakia | any white plaque like lesion of oral mucosa, that cannot be wiped off. Actual diagnosis of leukoplakias can be done ONLY BY BIOPSY.
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| Nevus | A flat pigmented lesion of skin or oral mucosa. (similar to a macule) It may be of hereditary origin or may be present at birth as a birth mark. The pigment is 'melanin'
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| Pleomorphic | occurring in various forms
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| Sarcoma | Malignant connective tissue tumor
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| Undifferentiated | Anaplastic, abnormal cell formation.
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| Odontogenic | originating from tooth forming tissues.
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