Cardio PP Clues
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Kidney & Liver
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| show | All except kidney & liver
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| show | Heart
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| show | Muscle
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| What organ has the highest A-V O2 difference after a meal? | show 🗑
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| show | Brain
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| What organ has the Lowest A-V O2 difference at all times? | show 🗑
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| Where does Type A thoracic aortic dissection occur? | show 🗑
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| Where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Intima, media, adventitia
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| show | Intima, media
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| show | Systolic Pressure - Diastolic Pressure
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| What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Arterioles
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| What vessels have the largest cross sectional area? | show 🗑
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| What vessel has the highest compliance? | show 🗑
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| What vessels have the highest capacitance? | show 🗑
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| What is your max heart rate? | show 🗑
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| What is stable angina? | show 🗑
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| show | Pain at REST (transient clots), or FIRST event of pain on exertion
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| show | Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)
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| What stain is used to see amyloidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Fe deposition in organs --> hyperpigmentation, arthritis, diabetes mellitus
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| What is cardiac tamponade? | show 🗑
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| show | Rise in JVP (jugular venous pressure) on Inspiration
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| show | Drop in Systolic pressure > 10mmHg on Inspiration
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| show | Effusion of mostly water
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| show | Effusion of mostly protein
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| What is systole? | show 🗑
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| show | ventricles relax & fill, Increased blood flow to coronary arteries, decreased O2 extraction
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| show | Pulmonary & Umbilical arteries
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| What murmur has a waterhammer pulse? | show 🗑
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| show | Aortic Stenosis
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| What cardiomyopathy has pulsus alternans? | show 🗑
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| What disease has pulsus bigeminus? | show 🗑
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| show | Atrial Fibrillation
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| show | Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurg
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| show | Mitral Regurg
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| show | Pulmonary Stenosis
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| What disease has a boot shaped x-ray? | show 🗑
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| What disease has a banana-shaped x-ray? | show 🗑
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| show | Transposition of the Great Arteries
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| show | Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
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| What disease has a "3" shaped x-ray? | show 🗑
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| What is Osler-Weber-Rendu? | show 🗑
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| What is Von Hippel-Lindau | show 🗑
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| When do Valves make noise? | show 🗑
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| What valves make noise at the start of systole? | show 🗑
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| show | Holosystolic (pancystolic): MR, TR, VSD ... Ejection: AS, PS, HCM
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| What valves make noise at the start of diastole? | show 🗑
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| show | Blowing: AR, PR ... Rumbling: MS, TS
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| What murmurs are continuous? | show 🗑
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| What has a friction rub while breathing? | show 🗑
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| What has a friction rub when holding your breath? | show 🗑
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| show | Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
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| show | Stenosis: AS, PS
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| show | Stenosis: MS, TS
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| show | Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)
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| show | Increased O2, Increased Right Ventricular Volume, or delayed Pulmonic Valve opening
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| What does a Fixed Wide S2 split tell you? | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary HTN --> RV failure
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| show | Pulmonary HTN --> reverse L-R to R-L shunt
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| What is transposition of the great arteries? | show 🗑
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| show | Overriding Aorta, Pulmonic Stenosis, Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, Ventral Septal Defect (VSD)
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| What is an Overriding Aorta? | show 🗑
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| show | Tet Spells (episodes of bluish skin on feeding or crying), prognostic
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| What type of shunt does a VSD cause? | show 🗑
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| show | Spiral membrane didn't develop (neural crest origin); One Aortic/Pulmonary trunk (mixed blood)
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| What is Epstein's Anomaly? | show 🗑
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| What is cinchonism? | show 🗑
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| What are the Cyanotic Heart Diseases? | show 🗑
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| Causes of Widened S2: | show 🗑
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| show | AVM=machinery murmur; Heart:PDA, Elbow:dialysis fisula, Brain:Von-Hippel-Lindau, Lungs:Osler-Weber-Rendu
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| show | Pain with a Normal heart rate
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| show | HR should increase by 10bpm for every 1 degree increase in temperature
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| show | 220 - age in years
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| Ions and the EKG | show 🗑
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| Most Common NON-Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases | show 🗑
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| Pansystolic Murmurs | show 🗑
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| Myocardial Infarct - Enzymes | show 🗑
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| show | Troponin I (appears 2hrs, peaks 2days, gone 7days); CKMB (appears 6hrs, peaks 12hrs, gone 2days); LDH (appears 1day, peaks 2days, gone 3days)
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| Along with nitrates, what hypertensive medication both vaso- and veno-dilates? | show 🗑
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| show | CHF, Acute MI, Angina
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| show | Differential Pulses, Differential Cyanosis, Rib notching on X-Ray
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| Reason for Rib Notching in Coarctation: | show 🗑
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| Reason for differential cyanosis in coarctation: | show 🗑
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| Most common congenital heart disease in Down's Syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | Failure of endocardial cushion to develop
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| Most Common Cyanotic Heart disease in Down's Syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | Arterioles
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| show | Veins & Venules
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| show | Capillaries
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| How does the body maintain stroke volume during hypovolemic shock? | show 🗑
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| How much blood is stored in the veins & venules? | show 🗑
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| show | Capillaries
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| Type of epithelium that makes up the aorta | show 🗑
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| show | Monckeberg calcification
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| What gives the veins & venules the ability to have such great compliance? | show 🗑
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| show | Ventricular contraction and Aortic recoil
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| show | Aortic valves partially occlude the coronary vessels; There is no transmural force pushing blood into the coronary vessels; The contracting ventricles compress the coronary vessels
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| When is the energy requirement developed? | show 🗑
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| show | Energy is extracted during diastole
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| How much oxygen is extracted from blood by the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | systole
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| With SLOW heart rates, in which phase of the cycle does the heart spend most time? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the aorta as you age? | show 🗑
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| show | Compliance Decreases
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| What effect does decreased aortic compliance have on blood pressure and pulse pressure? | show 🗑
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| How do you treat hypertension in the elderly? | show 🗑
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| show | They detoxify blood so you want blood to move slowly. Even though the velocity of the downstream blood is increased, there is a backup of blood so blood flow decreases and blood spends more time being detoxified.
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| Vasodilators of the organs: | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the Carotid Body? Carotid Sinus? | show 🗑
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| What is the pathway of signals from the carotid sinus? | show 🗑
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| show | Cranial Nerves IX and X are always firing; Firing goes up/down along with Stroke Volume; NE goes in the opposite direction; Increased Stroke Volume causes increased firing of IX and X; decreased Stroke Volume causes decreased firing of IX and X
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| show | CN X is inhibitory to the heart. Increased firing causes decreased Heart Rate; Decreased Firing causes Increased Heart Rate
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| When you stand up, how much does heart rate and blood pressure change? | show 🗑
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| show | body did not respond = Autonomic Dysfunction
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| What is the meaning of a change MORE than the expected mean in HR & BP when standing up? | show 🗑
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| Four types of Autonomic Dysfunction: | show 🗑
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| What is the pathology of Sick Sinus Syndrome in the elderly? | show 🗑
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| show | Babies are born with no autonomic reflexes
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| show | Carotid Sinus increases firing; CN IX and X increase firing; HR decreases (Reflex Bradycardia)
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| show | Blood pools in legs --> Decreased venous return --> Decreased EDV --> Decreased Stroke Volume --> Decreased firing of Carotid Sinus --> Decreased firing of CN IX and X --> Increased HR Reflex Tachycardia --> Decreased BP 5-20mmHg and Increased HR 5-10bpm
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| Mechanism responsible for immediate regulation of BP: | show 🗑
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| Mechanism responsible for intermediate regulation of BP: | show 🗑
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| show | kidney
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| What is the most potent vasoconstrictor in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | They respond to flow (volume) not pressure --> cause the release of Renin
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| show | Massaging the carotid Sinus stimulates an increase in Stroke Volume. This causes increased firing of Carotid Sinus, Increased Firing of CN IX and X and decrease in HR
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| How does NE regulate blood pressure? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the carotid reflex? | show 🗑
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| What is the diagnosis for a patient presenting with increased HR and Normal BP? | show 🗑
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| What are the first physical signs of hypovolemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypoperfusion of the skin due to vasoconstriction in shock
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| show | Vasoconstriction, stimulate Aldosterone release
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| What is the treatment for hypertension in heart failure? | show 🗑
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| show | Fixed lengthening of PR interval
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| Second Degree (Mobitz 2) Heart Block | show 🗑
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| show | AV disassociation
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| show | gradual lengthening of PR interval & erratic loss of QRS
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| show | 1st degree -> No Tx; Mobitz I -> Pacer if symptomatic; Mobitz II -> Pacer; 3rd Degree -> Pacer
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| Complication of Temporal Arteritis: | show 🗑
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| Another name for Temporal Arteritis: | show 🗑
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| How do you diagnose Temporal Arteritis? | show 🗑
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| show | Age>60, ESR>60, 60mg prednisone to treat
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| show | one muscle hurt; caused by Rifampin, Isoniazid, Statins, Prednisone, Hypothyroidism
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| Polymyositis | show 🗑
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| show | muscle pain with rash; visceral cancer; heliotropic
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| Fibrositis | show 🗑
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| show | pain of muscle and muscle insertions; treated with Amitriptyline; multiple trigger points
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| Polymyalgia Rheumatica | show 🗑
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| show | Temporal Arteritis
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| show | Rifampin, Isoniazid, Statins, Prednisone
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| show | Hypothyroidism
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| show | Cerebellar signs in 5-10yo; Spider veins on skin; IgA deficiency
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| show | Berger's
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| Smoking Jewish person with necrotizing vasculitis | show 🗑
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| Family history of deafness & cataracts | show 🗑
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| Strawberry Tongue | show 🗑
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| 2 weeks after E.coli gastroenteritis | show 🗑
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| Fever, Thrombocytopenia, and Neuro problems | show 🗑
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| show | Polyarteritis Nodosa
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| Vasculitis with Sinuses, Lungs and Kidney involvement | show 🗑
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| show | Serum sickness
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| Anti-cariolipin, anti-SM, anti dsDNA antibodies | show 🗑
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| Septic emboli | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth muscle & Cardiac muscle because they have autonomics
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| show | Henoch-Scholer Purpura (HSP)
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| Only vasculitis with a HIGH platelet count | show 🗑
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| Which protein is decreased in all vasculitides? | show 🗑
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| show | Tcells & Macrophages
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| show | Mucositis, rash on palms & soles, Cervical lymph nodes, Temp>102>3days
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| Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) | show 🗑
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| Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) | show 🗑
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| show | Allergic vasculitis
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| show | Cardiac infection caused by Strep Viridians
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| MPGN I | show 🗑
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| MPGN II | show 🗑
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| CREST Syndrome | show 🗑
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| Scleroderma | show 🗑
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| Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (PSS) | show 🗑
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| Rheumatic Arthritis | show 🗑
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| Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis | show 🗑
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| show | RA + leukopenia + splenomegaly
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| Behcet's | show 🗑
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| Sjogren's | show 🗑
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| Vasculitis with GI bleeding, intussuscetion, normal platelet count | show 🗑
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| Vasculitis whose most common cause is Sepsis | show 🗑
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| show | Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
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| show | Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
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| Vasculitis that causes pulmonary inflitrate with eosinophilia | show 🗑
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| show | Sjogren's
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| show | Rheumatoid arthritis
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| show | Rheumatoid arthritis
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| Closure of Mitral & Tricuspid Valves | show 🗑
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| Closure of Aortic & Pulmonic Valves | show 🗑
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| S3 means: | show 🗑
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| show | Pressure Overload, Hypertrophy, Compensation
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| show | Delayed closing of the pulmonic valve
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| Wide S2 Split means: | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased volume in the Lungs
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| Holosystolic Murmurs | show 🗑
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| show | ASD
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| Continuous machine-like murmur | show 🗑
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| show | Mitral Valve Prolapse
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| What is the normal CVP? | show 🗑
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| show | 12
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| The systolic component of blood pressure represents: | show 🗑
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| The diastolic component of blood pressure represents: | show 🗑
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| show | Systolic Murmurs
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| Opening Snaps represent: | show 🗑
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| show | Turbulence
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| Do RIGHT heart sounds get louder on Inspiration or Expiration? | show 🗑
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| show | Expiration
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| Most Common Cause of Aortic Stenosis | show 🗑
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| show | Aging, Collagen Disease
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| show | Rheumatic Fever
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| Most Common Cause of Tricuspid Stenosis | show 🗑
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| show | Mitral Valve Prolapse, Endocarditis, Collagen Disease
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| Most Common Cause of Tricuspid Regurgitation | show 🗑
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| show | Congenital Anomaly
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| Clues for Aortic Stenosis | show 🗑
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| What is the normal Pulse Pressure? | show 🗑
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| How can you accentuate Aortic Stenosis? | show 🗑
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| How do you accentuate IHSS? | show 🗑
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| show | Athlete who passes out, Harsh systolic murmur, Pulsus Biferiens, Disorganized myofibrils on biopsy
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| What casues IHSS? | show 🗑
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| Diastolic blowing murmurs | show 🗑
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| show | Mitral stenosis, Tricuspid stenosis
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| show | Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonic Stenosis
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| show | Transudate & Exudate
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| show | Increased hydrostatic pressure
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| show | Cirrhosis, NephrOtic syndrome
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| show | Decreased Oncotic pressure
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| show | Bacterial Infection
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| show | Non-Bacterial Infections
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| show | TB Infections
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| What causes Fibrinous Exudates? | show 🗑
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| What causes Hemorrhagic Exudates? | show 🗑
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| show | Collagen Vascular Diseases (CVD), Amyloidosis, Hemochromatosis
🗑
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| show | Tamponde, Cancer
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| Most Common Congenital Heart Diseases | show 🗑
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| show | Transposition of the great vessels
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| Most Common Cyanotic Heart Disease >1mo | show 🗑
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| show | Blue while feeding, pink when cries; child squats while playing
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| show | Spiral Membrane did not develop
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| show | Pregnant mom Rx with Lithium, Tricuspid valve develops low in Right ventricle, Atrialization
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| Clues for Total Anomalous Venous Return | show 🗑
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| What component of Tetrology of Fallot determines the prognosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Protein<2g --> Transudate ... SpecificGravity<1.012 --> Transudate
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| Vasculitis definition | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammation of an arterial blood vessel
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| Phlebitis definition | show 🗑
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| Alport's | show 🗑
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| Syphilis | show 🗑
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| Takayasu | show 🗑
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| show | Any temporal headache after age 60, blindness
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| Ankylosing Spondylitis | show 🗑
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| show | Must be a Kawasaki patient
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| show | Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
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| c-ANCA, attacks sinuses lungs kidneys, #1 cause of RPGN-cresent in kidney | show 🗑
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| show | Goodpasture's
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| drug reaction causing vasculitis | show 🗑
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| show | drug reaction causing vasculitis
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| show | Churg-Strauss
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| CREST Syndrome (anti-centromere Ab) | show 🗑
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| Gerd & tight skin on fingers | show 🗑
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| show | Scleroderma
🗑
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| Anti-Topoisomerase, chronic inflammation of organs, organs are fibrotic | show 🗑
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| SubEPIthelial humps 2 weeks after a sore throat | show 🗑
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| Roth spots in retina, mycotic aneurysms, splinter hemorrhages in nail beds (Osler nodes are painful; Janeways are not) | show 🗑
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| show | IgM diseases, acute inflammation only, Non-bacterial
🗑
|
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