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AP Biology campbells 8th edition

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
macromolecules   show
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show a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by a dehydration reactions.  
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show small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers  
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show A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.  
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enzyme   show
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hydrolysis reaction   show
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show Carbohydrates consist of sugars and polymers of sugar. They serve as stored fuel and structural material. They are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1  
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show The simplest carbohydrate, serve as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.  
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Disaccharides   show
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show A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.  
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show A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions. There are two main types of polysaccharides: storage and structural polysaccharides.  
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show A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose. Humans and most animals have enzymes which can hydrolyze starch for nutrient.  
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show An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.  
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cellulose   show
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Lipid   show
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Glycerol   show
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show A long carbon chain with an attached carboxyl group attached to the end and a hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxyl group. It is this hydrocarbon chain which gives the fatty acid a hydrophobic nature.  
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Ester linkage   show
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Triglyceride   show
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show fatty acid chains lacking double bonds; therefore, the chains pack tightly, are solid at room temp and bad fats, major source is animals  
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show Fats that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms and have less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon  
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trans fats   show
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Phospholipids   show
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steroids   show
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cholesterol   show
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show A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids. perform a variety of essential functions - support, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, coordination, defense.  
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enzymatic proteins   show
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structural proteins   show
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polypeptides   show
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amino acids   show
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show Covalent bond formed between a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid through a dehydration reaction.  
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globular proteins   show
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fibrous proteins   show
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primary structure   show
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show Secondary structure is the repetitive coiling and folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formed between the different amino acids.  
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helix   show
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b pleated sheet   show
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show irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges  
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show As a polypeptide folds into its functional conformation, amino acids with hydrophobic side chains usually end up in clusters at the core of the protein, out of contact with the water.  
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show Strong covalent bonds formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer.  
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quaternary structure   show
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denaturation   show
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show protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins  
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X-ray crystallography   show
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Gene   show
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show Polymers assembled from individual nucleotides; used to store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information; the two kinds of nucleic acids are ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)  
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show a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes  
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RNA   show
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show messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome  
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show A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers.  
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show monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base  
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nucleosides   show
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pyrimidines   show
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purines   show
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ribose   show
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show five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides  
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double helix   show
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antiparallel   show
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show thymine  
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Guanine   show
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