Communication Disordera Ch 1
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| Communication | The process of sharing information between two or more persons.
"The transmission of thoughts or feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of a listener" (Borden, Harris, & Raphael)
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| Formulation | The process of pulling together one's thoughts or ideas for sharing with another.
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| Transmission | Process of conveying those ideas to another person, often by speaking but also by signing, gesturing, or writing.
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| Reception | The process of receiving the information from another person.
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| Comprehension | The process of making sense of that message.
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| Modality | The manner in which information conveyed is via communication is transmitted and received.
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| Feedback | Information provided by the receiver to the sender.
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| Linguistic Feedback | Spoken feedback: "Wait, I don't get it." "I agree"
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| Non-linguistic/ Extralinguistic Feedback | Feedback that uses eye contact, facial expression, posture, and proximity.
May be added to linguistic feedback, or stand alone
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| Paralinguistic Feedback | feedback that uses pitch, loudness, and pausing; which are all superimposed over linguistic feedback.
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| 7 Communication Functions | Instrumental communication, regulatory communication, interactional communication, personal communication, heuristic communication, imaginative communication, and informative communication.
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| Instrumental Communication (Function) | Used to ask for something.
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| Regulatory Communication (Function) | Used to give directions and to direct others.
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| Interactional Communication (Function) | Used to interact and converse with others in a social way.
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| Personal communication (function) | used to express a state of mind or feelings about something.
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| Heuristic Communication | Used to find out information and to inquire.
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| Imaginative Communication (Function) | Used to provide an organized description of an event or object.
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| Grice's Maxims | Four principles that effective communication follows:
Quantity
Quality
Relevance
Manner
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| Principle of Quantity | The speaker gives enough information without sounding redundant.
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| Principle of Quality | Sender gives accurate information
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| Principle of Relevance | Sender maintains the topic and uses appropriate transitions as needed.
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| Principle of Manner | The sender speaks fluently without frequent hesitations or revisions, takes appropriate turns, pauses as needed but does not delay responses longer than called toe, uses appropriate loudness and pitch, and engages in eye contact as expected.
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| Language | The cognitive process by which we formulate ideas and thoughts
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| Speech | The neuromuscular process by which we turn language into a sound signal that is transmitted through a medium to a receiver.
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| Semantics | The rules of language governing the meaning of individual words and word combination.
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| Syntax | The rules of language governing the internal organization of sentences.
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| Morphology | The rules of language governing the internal organization of words.
Ex: adding -ed or -ing to a word.
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| Phonology | The rules of language governing the sounds we use make syllables and words.
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| Pragmatics | The rules of language governing how language is used for social purposes.
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| Metalinguistic Awareness | The ability to deliberately scrutinize language as an object of attention.
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| Phoneme | Smallest unit of sound. (mama = 4)
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| Breathstream (a building block of normal speech) | Speaker must have an adequate breath stream that is exhaled consistently and evenly for good speech to occur.
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| Voice (a building block of normal speech) | Speech requires a strong and even voice. (Breathy, hoarse, broken, nasal, voice, or loud/soft/high/low can be distracting)
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| Articulation (a building block of normal speech) | Precision in phonemes.
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| Fluency (a building block of normal speech) | Speech that is effortless and smooth, with few hesitations, circumlocutions.
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| Audition | The perception of sound (specifically speech), applied to the communication process.
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| Frequency | how fast the sound particles move back and forth (corresponds with pitch).
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| Intensity | How far the sound particles move when going back in forth.
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| Speech Perception | Processing of human speech (not auditory perception; Words vs noise)
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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