STAAR Reporting Category # 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Macromolecules | organic molecules which combine to form living organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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| carbohydrates | biomolecule of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen combined in 1:2:1 ratio; include simple and complex sugars; molecules which store energy, add structure, & provide sugars for DNA and RNA; monomer - monosaccharaide ; polymer - polysaccharide
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| lipids | biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; includes fats,oils, waxes and sterols; important component of cell membranes
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| proteins | biomolecule composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; made up of monomer amino acids; enzyme is an example
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| nucleic acids | biomolecule made up of nucleotides; nucleotides contain a phosphate sugar and nitrogen base; examples include DNA and RNA
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| monomer | single unit ; small piece of biomolecule
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| polymer | multi piece unit; made up of smaller monomers
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| dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules
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| hydrolysis | The process of splitting a compound into fragments with the addition of water; a kind of reaction that is used to break down polymers into simpler units, e.g. starch into glucose.
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| organic molecule | An organic compound always contains carbon; Examples : carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
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| prokaryotic | an organism whose cell generally lacks a true nucleus Examples: bacterial cells
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| eukaryotic | organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus ; animals, plants, fungi, and protists
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| homeostasis | The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls or feedback loops, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions ex: sweating when hot
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| deoxyribonucleic acid | double-stranded nucleic acid found in the nucleus which provides instruction for making proteins; provides hereditary information
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| ribonucleic acid | single stranded nucleic acid made during transcription to provide template for making proteins at ribosome during translation
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| chromosome | A long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information.
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| organelles | A membrane bound structure that is specialized to perform a specific function within the cell.
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