Digestive System Part IV: Small & Large Intestines
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| show | organ in which most chemical digestion and most absorption occur; extends from pyloric region of stomach to cecum of large intestine; longest organ of digestive tract; subdivisions are duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| Duodenum | show 🗑
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| Jejunum | show 🗑
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| show | terminal (distal) and longest portion of small intestine; makes up inferior right coils of small intestine; joined to cecum of large intestine at ileocecal valve
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| show | located at junction of ileum of small intesting and cecum of large intestine; controls movement of food residue from small intestine to large intestine
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| show | bulb formed by pancreatic duct and bile duct where they enter wall of duodenum; opens into duodenal lumen via major duodenal papilla
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| show | structural features of small intestine that greatly increase its surface area and thus account for small intestine’s extensive absorptive capacity
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| show | circular wrinkles in small intestine lining; increase surface area for absorption
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| Villi | show 🗑
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| Microvilli | show 🗑
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| Goblet cells | show 🗑
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| show | cells in lining epithelium of small intestine; secrete hormones including cholecystokinin, which stimulates gallbladder to release stored bile
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| show | hormone secreted by enteroendocrine cells of duocenum; stimulates gallbladder to release stored bile
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| Intestinal glands/intestinal crypts/crypts of Lieberkuhn | show 🗑
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| show | lymphoid tissue in lamina propria and submucosa of small & large intestine; keeps large numbers of bacteria in the lumen of small and large intestines from getting out of hand.
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| Intestinal flora | show 🗑
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| show | larger in diameter than small intestine, but shorter; extends from ileum of small intestine to anus; absorbs water, some electrolytes, some components of bile, some vitamins; eliminates indigestible food residue as feces
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| show | located at junction of ileum and cecum; regulates movement of food residue from small intestine into large intestine
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| show | subdivisions of large intestine
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| Cecum | show 🗑
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| show | small, worm-shaped tubular structure attached to cecum; contains lymphoid tissue to combat bacteria, but an excessive accumulation of bacteria can cause inflammation
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| show | inflammation of appendix due to excessive accumulation of bacteria; prone to rupture, which could cause extremely large number of bacteria to be released into abdominal cavity, which can lead to peritonitis
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| show | includes ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions
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| Ascending colon | show 🗑
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| show | turn of ascending colon near the liver
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| Transverse colon | show 🗑
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| show | turn of transverse colon near spleen
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| show | portion of colon; extends down left side of abdominal cavity from splenic flexure and to sigmoid colon
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| show | portion of colon shaped somewhat like sideways “S” that extends from descending colon to rectum in posterior pelvic cavity
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| Rectum | show 🗑
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| Anal canal | show 🗑
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| show | anal sphincter consisting of skeletal muscle, so can be voluntarily controlled
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| show | anal sphincter consisting of smooth muscle; cannot be voluntarily controlled
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| show | three longitudinal strips along colon; contain smooth muscle, so have muscle tone and cause the colon to pouch-up into pucker-like units called haustra (sing. Haustrum)
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| show | abnormal protrusions/outward herniations of mucosa through colon wall caused by greater exertion of pressure due to lack of fiber in diet; can result in diverticulosis or diverticulitis if inflamed or infected
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| show | involves mass peristaltic movements that move feces into rectum and anal canal, and relaxation of anal sphincters
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| Hemorrhoids | show 🗑
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