Biomedical Terms 3
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| atom | the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in a combination
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| Calorie | the amount of heat energy required to raise a temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C
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| Chemical Bond | An atttractive force that holds together atomes, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or combination
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| Chemical reaction | Chemical transformation or change; the interaction of chemical entities
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| Compound | A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ration
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| Covalent Bond | A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pair of valence electrons
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| Element | The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms
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| Homeostasis | The steady-state physiological condition of the body
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| Hydrogen Bond | A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bonf in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule
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| Ionic Bond | A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
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| Hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water
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| Molecule | Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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| Nutrient | A substance that is needed by the body to maintain life and health
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| Polarity | A lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. Charge differences on opposite ends of a structure
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| Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution
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| Solution | A liquid that is homogenous mixture of two or more substances
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| Solvent | The dissolving agent of a solution
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| Amino Acid | An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins
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| Carbohydrate | A sugar in the form of a monosaccaride, disaccharide or polysacc
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| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis
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| Chemical Indicator | A substance (as a dye) used to show visually usually by its capacity for color change, the condition of a solution with respect to the presence of free acid or alkali or some other substance
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| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule
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| Disaccharide | A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis
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| Electrolyte | Any of the ions (as of sodium, potassium, calcium, or bicarbonate) that in a biological fluid regulate or affect most metabolic processes (as the flow of nutrients into and waste products out of cells)
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| Glucose | A monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar
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| Hydrolysis | A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water
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| Lipid | One of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids and steroids that is insoluble in water
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| Macromolecule | A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which include proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids
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| Monomer | The subunit that serves as the building blocks of a polymer
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| Ploymer | A larger molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together
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| Monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar
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| Polysaccharide | A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formes by dehydration synthesis
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| Protein | A three diminsional polymer made of monomers and amino acids
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