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patho hemo, immmune

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Question
Answer
15-A3) as the first line of defense, __________immunity consists of physical, chemical, molecular and cellular defenses   innate  
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15-A4) ______________immunity is the second major immune defenses   adaptive, acquired  
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15-A5) substances that elicit adaptive immune responses are called ________   antigens  
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15-A6) ____________ immunity generated by B lymphocytes is mediated by molecules called antibodies and is the principal defense against extracellular microbes and toxins   humoral  
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15-A7) _________ immunity is mediated by specific T lymphocytes and defends against intracellular microbes such as viruses   Cell mediated  
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15-A8) Dendritic cels and __________ function as antigen presenting cells for adaptive immunity   macrophages  
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15-A9) The key cells of innate immunity are __________, and __________   neutrophils and macrophages  
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15-A10) ________________are the early responding cells of innate immunity   neutrophils  
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15-A11) During the inflammation response, the monocytes leaves the blood vessel, transforms into a tissue __________, and phagocytoses bacteria , damaged cells and tissue debris   macrophages  
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15-A12) ____ cells and _____cells are the only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing antigenic determinants of microbial and other pathogens   B and T  
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15-A14) ________ cells are specialized, bone marrow derived leukocytes found in lymphoid tisssue that are impportant intermediaries between innate and adaptive immune systems   dendritic  
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15-A22) __________ immunity depends on maturation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells which produce and secrete antibodies   humoral  
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15-F1) natural killer cells are specialized lymphocytes that are one of te major parts of which type of immunity?   innate  
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15-F2) Both innate and adaptive immunity have cells that produce cytokines. Cytokines mediate the actions of many cells in both innate and adaptive immunity, How are the actions of cytokines described?   pleiotropic and redundant  
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15-F3) Stem cells in the bone marrow produce T lymphocytes or T cells and release them into the vascular system. The T cells then migrate to where to mature?   Thymus  
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15-F5) Passive immunity is immunity that is transferred from another source and lasts only weeks to months. What is an example of passive immunity?   injection of Immunoglobulin  
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15-F9) The daughter of a 79 year old woman asks the nurse why her mother gets so many infections, why does she get sick so often any more   as people age, their immune system does not respond as well  
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15-F11) ______________ or immunogens are substances are foreign to the host that can stimulate an immune response   antigens  
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11-A1) white blood cells include the _______, the monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes   granulocytes  
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11-A2) T lymphocytres mature in the ___________   thymus  
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11-A3) the b lymphocytes differentiate to form immunoglobulin producing __________   plasma  
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11-A7) T lymphocytres travel to the thymus where they differentiate into ________helper cells and _________   Cd4 , Cd8  
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11-A9) _______denotes the virtual absence of neutrophils   agranulocytosis  
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11-C1) what is the role of the neutrophils   first line response to inflamation  
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11-e4) incedence of drug induced neutropenia has significantly risen over the last several decades, what is reason   treatment of cancers by chemotherapeutic drugs  
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11-A10) early signs of infections of __________ include mild skin lesions stomatititis   neutropenia  
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11-A11) __________is a self limitiing lymphoproliferaing disorder caused by Epstien Barr Virus   mononucleosis  
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11-A12) ________ can involve lymphocytes, granulocytes, and other blood cells   leukemias  
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11-A13) ____originate in peripheral lymphoid structures such as nodes, where T and B lymphocytes undergo differentiation and proliferatrion   lymphomas  
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11-A14) _______ cell lymphomas are the most common type of lymphoma in the wedstern world   B  
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11-A15) Four variant of classical Hodgkins lymphoma have been described as _____sclerosis, mixed cellularity, ______-rich, and lymphocyte depleted   nodular sclerosis, lymphocyte rich  
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) 5 steps of Hemeostasis   vessel spasm, platelet plug, blood coagulation, clot retraction, clot dissolution  
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12-A1) The term __________ refers to the stoppage of blood flow   hemostasis  
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12-A2) platelets have a cell membrane but no ______ and cannot reproduce   nucleus  
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12-A6) The _________ is a stepwise process resulting in the conversion of the soluble plasma protien fibrinogen, into fibrin   coagulation cascade  
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12-A7) most of the coagulation protiens are synthesized in the __________   liver  
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12-A15) a reduction in platelet number is _______   thrombocytopenia  
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12-A20) In liver disease, production of ______is reduced, bleeding may result   platelet  
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12-E1) Hemophilia A is a ____________ressesive disorder that primarily affects males   sex linked  
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12-F3) Anticoagulant drugs prevent thrombolytic disorders How does warfarin act on the body?   alters vitamin K reducing its ability to PARTICIPATE IN COAGULATION  
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12-F4) Heparin is an anticoagulant given by injection to prevent the formation of blood cloots. How does Heparin work?   promotes the inactivation of clotting factors  
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12-F10) Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a grave coagulopathy resulting from overstimulation of clotting anf the anticipation of what??   disease or injury (hypertension, poisonous snake bites, septicemia)  
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12-F13) _______ is a natural mucopolysaccharide anticoagulant that occurs in the lungs and intestinal mucosa   heparin  
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) _________destruction may be caused by antiplatelet antibodies, resulting in thrombocytopenia   clotting factors  
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13-A2) the rate at which hemoglobin is synthesized depends on the availability of ___________ for heme synthesis   iron  
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13-A3) Duruing its transformation from a normoblast to reticulocyte, the RBC accumulates hemoglobin as the ___________ condenses   nucleus  
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13-A4) Mature RBC's have a life span of approx. ________months   4  
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13-A10) ____________ is defined as abnormally low number of circulating RBC's or level of Hemoglobin   anemia  
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13-F1) where does iron from hemoglobin go after being destroyed is spleen   bone marrow  
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13-F2) Billirubin is the pigment of bile and is made when RBC's die there are two types of billirubin that can be measured in the blood what does the lab rebort them as   conjugated, unconjugated  
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13-f3) neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is an increased level of bilirubun in the infants blood. Characterized by what??   yellow jaundiced color  
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16-A1) Under normal conditions, the________ deters or prevents dis-ease.   immune response  
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16-A2) __________ can be defined as an abnormality in the immune system that renders a person susceptible to diseases normally prevented by an intact immune system   immunodeficiency  
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16-A3) the _______immune system is composed of the phagocytic leukocytes, natural killer cells and compliment protiens   innate  
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16-A4) the __________ immune response is composed mainly of T and b cells AND RESPONDS TO INFECTIONS MORE SLOWLY, BUT MORE SPECIFICALLY THAN THE INNATE   ADAPTIVE  
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16-A5) the adaptive immune system is further divided into the ___ and ______ immune systems   humoral, cellular  
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16-A8) during the first few months of life, infants are protested from infection by IgG antibodies that originate in_______________circulation during fetal life   maternal  
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16-A22) Type I hypersensitivity reactions to antigens are reffered to as ___________   allergic reactions  
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16-A23) _________ is a systematic life threatening hypersensitivity reaction characterized by widespread edema, vascular shock,secondary to vasodilationand difficulty breathing   anaphlaxis  
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16-A28) _____hypersensitivity reactions are responsible for vasculitis seen in certain autoimmune diseases such as Lupus, or kidney damage seen with acute glomuleronephritis   type III  
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16-G1) infants are born with passive immunity from which immunoglobulin   IgG  
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16-F6) the immune system typically responds to invaders of all types in our bodiesIt can also cause tissue damage and disease, what is this called?   hypersensitivity reactions  
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16-F7) some people are so sensitive to certain antigens that they react within minutes by developing itching , hives, skin erythrema followed shortly thereafter by bronchospasm and respiratory distrss. What kind of reaction is this?   anaphalactic reaction  
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