Stock Related Terms
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| Investor | Someone who risks funds by purchasing financial products with the hope the investments will increase in value over time.
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| Private Company | A company that is owned by a person, family, or small group of investors that does not sell shares of stock in the company to the public
Usually referred to as a proprietorship
Most common type of business ownership
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| Public Company | A company that is owned by investors who buy shares of stock, partial ownership of the assets of a business, in the corporation usually through one of the stock exchanges
Usually referred to as a corporation
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| Common Stock | Do not guarantee a dividend and have more risk and volatility than preferred shares
Common stock holders have the benefit of providing shareholders with the right to vote for the board of directors
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| Preferred Stock | Shares of ownership of a company in which the share holder is guaranteed a dividend if one is declared and whose shares are usually not as volatile as common stock.
Preferred stock holders do not have voting rights in company elections and decisions.
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| Bear Market | A period when a market declines
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| Bull Market | A period when a market increases
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| Capital Gain or Loss | The difference between the price at which you buy an investment and the price at which you sell it
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| Diversification | The method of balancing risk by investing in a variety of securities
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| Earnings | A company’s after-tax profits. Commonly expressed as earnings per share, or total earnings divided by shares out- standing
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| Portfolio | A company’s after-tax profits. Commonly expressed as earnings per share, or total earnings divided by shares out- standing
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| Prospectus | The document that describes a securities offering or the operations of a mutual fund, a limited partnership or other investment
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| Buy On Margin | To buy on margin involves a stock investor borrowing money to buy additional shares, and using the purchased shares as collateral for the loan
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| Sell Short | Borrowing a security from a broker and selling it, with the understanding that it must later be bought back (hopefully at a lower price) and returned to the broker
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| Risk | The chance of losing all or part of an investment
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| Volatility | Indicates how much and how quickly the value of an investment, market, or market sector changes
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| Dividend | Part of a company’s profits (earnings) that it pays as money to stockholders
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| Capital | Wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value
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| Stock | A type of security that signifies ownership in a corporation and represents a claim to a part of the company's profits or losses
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| Corporation | A business that is owned by stockholders and has rights and responsibilities as if it were a person
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| IPO | Initial Public Offering--the initial sale of stock to the public by investment bankers
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| Transaction Cost | Fee paid to stockbroker for each trade he makes
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| Total Annual Return | Annual gains and losses divided by the cost of investment--expressed as a percentage
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| Buy Limit Order | The highest price at which an investor will purchase a specific stock
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| Sell Limit Order | The lowest price at which an investor will sell a specific stock
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